ࡱ> #` 0 ibjbj\.\. >D>D`$8///PP/d/D8*R&00Lf0f0f0f0z0 0QQQQQQQ$PThVQEf0f0EEQf0f0QJJJE8f0f0QJEQJJ:P,Qf0/ CHr/GP QQ0*RPRWIWQWQ07J< @000QQ_Jd000*REEEE888888888 World Meteorological Organization Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission    Joint WMO-IOC Technical Commission for Oceanography and Marine Meteorology Second Session of the JCOMM Observations Coordination Group WMO Headquarters, Geneva, 23-25 April 2007 REPORT ON THE OCGS CAPACITY BUILDING ACTIVITIES (Agenda Item 4.3) Submitted by Miriam Andrioli, Rapporteur, OCG Capacity Building The following report reflects the efforts on Capacity Building (CB) made by the different Panels, expert teams and associated groups of the OPA during the last year along with projects and plans for 2007. The information below includes training and CB activities sponsored and/or conducted by the Data Buoy Cooperation Panel (DBCP), the JCOMM Ship Observations Team (SOT), the International Buoy Programme for the Indian Ocean (IBPIO) and the Global Sea Level Observing System (GLOSS). This report also includes the CB activities accomplished by Mr. Sidney Thurston (NOAA). Mr. David Meldrum, Chairman of the Data Buoy Cooperation Panel (DBCP), informed the following activities related to Capacity Building: At its last session (La Jolla, October 2006), the DBCP received a report from its Task Team, a group that had been established by the chair to examine ways in which a mature group such as the DBCP could develop new initiatives in support of the wider observational community. Key recommendations concerned the exploitation of the DBCPs experience and resources in the development of training materials, and in Capacity Building (CB) in developing nations. Such activities would both promote the wider use of buoy data in support of regional oceanographic, climatological and meteorological initiatives, and assist the DBCP in achieving and sustaining its objectives for a globally distributed data buoy network. In considering these recommendations, the DBCP was mindful of a successful training workshop that had recently been convened in Bali within the framework of PArtnerships with Noaa for GEoss Applications (PANGEA), with the aim of strengthening partnerships with regional institutes in order to share resources such as shiptime for mooring deployments. The DBCP noted that such exercises would ultimately improve the sharing of resources (e.g. buoy donations, ship-time, deployment technology) on a global scale, and therefore decided to devote appropriate resources to CB activities, including the development of training materials. The Panel also noted that such CB efforts including training workshops should be supported on a sustained basis. In doing so, standard documents including training materials should be developed and kept updated in parallel with the organization of training programmes. As one possible initiative within the DBCPs CB efforts, a proposal for a training course on buoy and fixed-platform programme management was introduced. This proposal had been developed as an outcome from the DBCP data users and technology workshop, held at ECMWF in March 2006, which recognised the usefulness of the exercise for delegates. The proposal writers had worked in close cooperation with the Ocean Data and Information Network for Africa (ODINAFRICA), for training buoy operators and researchers in African nations on application and management of data from in situ oceanographic and marine meteorological platforms. As a result, a Training Course on Buoy Programme Implementation and Data Management is planned to take place at the UNESCO/IOC Project Office for IODE in Ostend, Belgium, from 11 to 15 June 2007. The course is primarily designed for buoy operators and researchers in African nations, in close cooperation with the IODE and ODINAFRICA. The curriculum covers the application and management of data from various in situ oceanographic and marine meteorological platforms, and trainers are being drawn from a wide spectrum of the international data buoy community. To maximize the impact and benefit of this course, practical work and assignments will be given to participants in at each stage. The course has been widely publicized through IOC and WMO contact lists and via the JCOMM website, and applications are now being received and processed. Mr. Graeme Ball, Chair of the JCOMM Ship Observations Team (SOT) and Chair of the International Buoy Programme for the Indian Ocean (IBPIO), informed the following Capacity Building activities in his area of responsibility: Two training workshops were held in the past two years under the umbrellaof the SOT. Both of these will be reported at SOT-IV that precedes OCG-II. 1. IOGOOS/JCOMM) Western Indian Ocean Expendable Bathy Thermograph (XBT) Training Workshop. The (IOGOOS/JCOMM) Western Indian Ocean Expendable Bathy Thermograph (XBT) Training Workshop was held at National Institute of Oceanography (NIO), Goa. India from 4-7 October 2005. The Workshop was sponsored by the IOC and jointly organised by NIO and the US NOAAs Office of Climate Observation (OCO) withsupport from theSOOPIP. The Workshop was attended by 50 participants, including 35 Indian nationals. The goals of the Workshop were: (1) To build regional capacity to enhance and sustain XBT observations in the sparsely sampled western Indian Ocean. (2) Re-establish XBT sampling on lines IX-08, IX-06, IX-21 and IX-15. (3) Provide SEAS training for regional technical support staff. (4) Develop logistical support procedures including the importation of scientific instrumentation into country(s). (5) Develop recruiting procedures for Voluntary Observing Ships. 2. Third International Port Meteorological Officers (PMO) Workshop (PMO-III-INT). Thirty-nine delegates from twenty-four countries attended the Third International Port Meteorological Officers (PMO) Workshop (PMO-III-INT). The Workshop wassponsored byWMO and organised by the Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD). The Workshop was heldatthe Bundesamt fr Seeschiffahrt und Hydrographie (BSH), Hamburg, Germany, 23-24 March 2006. The SOT/VOSP took the leadin preparing the Workshop programme, which had as its primary goals: (1)Informing about important changes and recent developments (e.g. regarding WMO Publication No. 47, enhanced PMO communications), and (2) Harmonising PMO duties, standards and practices. TheWorkshop made a number of recommendationsdealing with (i) ship security, (ii) migration to table driven code forms, (iii) updating procedures for WMO Publication No. 47, (iv) proposed actions to recruit more ships, (v) education and outreach, (vi) improvement of VOSClim data submission, (vii) proper installation of instruments on ships, (viii) updating the list of Inmarsat Land Earth Stations (LES) that accept Special Access Code 41, (ix) ship inspection form for foreign VOS visits, (x) reporting of observing practices, (xi) monitoring, quality information, and feedback, (xii) web-based tools, and(xii) requirements for national reports. WMO published a CDas part of theJCOMM Technical Report series that contained all of thetechnical presentations and national presentations made at theWorkshop. Mr.Thorkild Aarup, Technical Secretary for the Global Sea Level Observing System (GLOSS), informed the following Capacity Building activities in the frame of the OPA: GLOSS Capacity Development activities 2006: 1. Training course on Sea Level Observation and Analysis, Japan Meteorological Agency, Tokyo, Japan 15-26 May 2006. 11 students participated. Training course report available at: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0014/001497/149730E.pdf 2. Training course on Sea Level Observation and Analysis, IODE Project Office, Oostende, Belgium 13-22 November 2006. The course was co-sponsored with OdinAfrica. 15 students participated. (Course report not yet published but will be available at http://unesdoc.unesco.org/ulis/search_form.html by no later than March 1, 2007). 3. Manual on Sea Level Measurement and Interpretation. Volume IV: An Update to 2006. IOC Manuals and Guides 14.  HYPERLINK "http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0014/001477/147773e.pdf" http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0014/001477/147773e.pdf. 1200 copies already distributed. 4. GLOSS organized technical visits to Comoros, Madagascar, Yemen, Egypt and Senegal. Some of the visits were co-funded by OdinAfrica. Reports are available at: http://www.gloss-sealevel.org/publications/tech_mission_reports.html GLOSS Capacity Development activities 2007: 1. Training course on Sea Level Observation and Analysis is planned for 4th quarter of 2007 in co-funded with OdinAfrica. 2. Technical visit to Morocco (February 2007). 3. A GLOSS fellowship program will be started in 2007 which will enable visits at selected sea level institutions in the GLOSS network. The fellowships will offer qualified candidates from the Indian Ocean countries to work at a sea level institution for a period of 1-3 months for further training on for example sea level observations, sea level data management, quality control and analysis, interpretation, coastal modeling/storm surge modeling, product developments, operation of national sea level networks or similar. These fellowships are intended for persons with some graduate training who presently work with sea level observation/sea level science. The activity will run in 2007-2008 and is expected to offer 10-15 fellowship visits. Progress on implementation and upgrade of the GLOSS Core Network Aside from the above capacity developing activities, GLOSS is heavily involved in upgrading sea level stations in the GLOSS Core Network in the Indian Ocean and South and Latin America and there is an indirect element of capacity building in those activities. Also, it is worth mentioning other elements of capacity buildingsuch as (i) the installation of gauges, and (ii) training local tide gauge operators in how to operate and maintain the equipment. CB activities accomplished in collaboration with NOAA and conducted by Mr. Sidney Thurston. 1. Prospectus for Training and Capacity Building Workshops in 2007 to Benefit Eastern Africa and Indian Ocean Rim Nations. Already submitted to WMO for its consideration (see Annex to this document). 2."Use of Ocean Observations to Enhance Sustainable Development - Training and Capacity Building Workshop for the Eastern Indian Ocean", two workshops held at Bali and Bandung respectively, Indonesia. Eastern Indian Ocean PANGEA Capacity Building Workshops. The aim of the workshops was to develop and maintain the IOGOOS/InaGOOS moored array and other in situ Indian Ocean observations. The workshop report was already submitted to WMO for its consideration. It is of the utmost importance to the OPA to continue and expand the boundaries of the workshops mentioned above in the near term, in particular the Western Indian Ocean capacity building project for Kenya and South Africa. In this regard, it is requested JCOMM/WMO to provide advise on the formal procedures the OPA should follow to formally request financial support to this project. ANNEX Prospectus for Training and Capacity Building Workshops in 2007 to Benefit Eastern Africa and Indian Ocean Rim Nations Partnerships for New GEOSS Applications (PANGEA) In early November 2006, the Indonesian Research Vessel Baruna Jaya-1 set out from Jakarta for a sixteen day cruise with two United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) ATLAS met-ocean buoys onboard for deployments off the west coast of Sumatra. These two NOAA moorings were successfully deployed along 90E at 4N and 8N and are now providing new sources of near real-time ocean data, not only for climate but also for other marine services and applications. Earlier this year, U.S. ocean data applications experts from the International Research Institute for Climate and Society (IRI) and the U.S. Sea Grant Extension Program conducted two training workshops in Indonesia. In Bali (June) for the socio-economic applications of ocean information for climate risk management and agricultural applications, and in Bandung (September) for the use of ocean data for sustainable fisheries in Indonesia and regional waters. Plans are now underway to convene a 2007 PANGEA Data Dissemination and Applications workshop in Indonesia in exchange for Baruna Jaya-1 sea days to deploy additional NOAA moorings and to provide annual maintenance on those moorings deployed in 2006. In addition to this years PANGEA workshops with Indonesia, a regional XBT applications training workshop was also conducted in Goa India in October 2005 and ship time aboard Indias National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) research vessel Sagar Kanya was provided to deploy four NOAA moorings in the eastern Indian Ocean to measure marine meteorology and subsurface conditions. Each of these activities is an element of the new PANGEA initiative - Partnerships for New GEOSS Applications. They are designed to build sustainable capacity in maritime regions by conducting in-country, practical, socio-economic applications training by U.S. experts to decision-makers, policy and budget administrators, scientists and end-users, in exchange for regional ship time for the deployment of new in-situ ocean observations. This proposal will continue previous successes, and implement training and ocean observations for Eastern Africa and Indian Ocean rim Nations. PANGEA provides multiple benefits by: 1. Providing expert applications training to users and decision-makers in the region, 2. Demonstrating the practical socio-economic importance of ocean information to administrative budget and policy officials, and 3. Increasing regional in-situ ocean observations for numerous cross-cutting applications that impact the region. The PANGEA Partnerships provide socio-economic benefits for various economic sectors including; fisheries, agriculture, climate and coastal risk management, water resource management, community resiliency and marine multi-hazards. A more sustainable capacity for the region can be achieved through the increases in both near real-time in-situ ocean observational data and information as well as the more effective applications of existing and new data. PANGEA builds on and complements other existing capacity building programs by promoting the use of ocean observations to ensure regional socio-economic sustainability through: Annual and repeatable training workshops conducted in exchange for annual sea days aboard PANGEA partners ships for deployments and routine maintenance of ocean observations, In-country practical applications training of ocean data provided to large and diverse groups of regional participants, rather than a few selected individuals traveling to a workshop far away. This approach maximizes the retention time of the information, versus potentially losing the expertise as trained employees shift to different positions or organizations, New sources of ocean observational data are established by deploying new instruments, Required resources such as ship time and training are shared between Partners, Applications training of ocean data can be tailored to specific socio-economic sectors required by individual Nations and Regions, Developing maritime Nations are empowered to effectively contribute to the Global Earth Observing System of Systems (GEOSS) by offering their oftentimes underutilized ships to deploy observational equipment provided by their PANGEA partners, Provides opportunities for training of ship crews in the deployment of moorings and instrumentation and the on-site evaluation of data, Government Officials responsible for making policy and setting budgets are invited to participate in PANGEA workshops and receive demonstrations on the importance and effectiveness of ocean data on their regions socio-economic development and sustainability. This approach ensures ocean observations are viewed not only as important for science, but also for economic prosperity, and are therefore deemed a high priority for fiscal decisions, Customs Officials are invited to PANGEA workshops to learn about the science, applications and plans for ocean observations in the region, this has proved effective in facilitating the shipments of ocean instruments into the region. Immediate Need for Western Indian Ocean PANGEA Workshops in 2007 The Indian Ocean is unique among the three tropical ocean basins since it is blocked at 25N by the Asian land mass. Seasonal heating over this land mass sets the stage for dramatic monsoon wind reversals and intense summer rains over the Indian subcontinent and adjoining areas of Southeast Asia. Recurrence of these summer monsoon rains is critical to agricultural production that provides life-sustaining support for hundreds of millions of people in the region. The resulting oceanic thermal structure produces feedbacks to the overlying atmosphere, which affect not only the monsoon circulation and rainfall patterns, but also weather and climate in remote parts of the globe, including influencing western U.S. long-term precipitation patterns through atmospheric teleconnections. Despite the importance of the Indian Ocean in the regional and global climate system, it is the most poorly observed and least understood of the three tropical oceans. U.S. participation in the development of a sustained observing system in the Indian Ocean has lagged compared to the other two basins for a variety of logistical, scientific, and historical reasons. One of NOAAs principal constraints to expanding moorings into the Indian Ocean is the limited availability of ship time for instrument deployments. However, the importance of the Indian Ocean for understanding and predicting seasonal and longer-term climate variability throughout the world has been underscored by several recent discoveries. Among these are the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), which is an ENSO-like positive/negative fluctuation involving coupled ocean-atmospheric interactions in the Indian Ocean region. In positive IOD phase years, precipitation increases in the central and southern portion of the African continent, causing floods, while in negative IOD phase years, it decreases, causing drought conditions. This past summer the Indian Ocean experienced the strongest IOD ever documented. In response to this extreme positive phase of the IOD, Indian Ocean African Nations such as Kenya, Somalia, Ethiopia, Uganda and Tanzania were struck by record floods later in Autumn. The United Nations stated that at least 723,000 Kenyans were affected by the flooding, including tens of thousands of Somali refugees. While 96 victims fell to flooding in Somalia, 300,000 were displaced from their homes. Millions of others were effected by the extreme flooding due to destroyed farmlands, disrupted food supplies, cut off villages and washed away roads. Somalian officials also issued warnings for outbreaks of waterborne diseases, particularly cholera. Conversely, in the summer of 2005, Kenya and most of eastern Africa suffered from a severe drought. It was attributed mostly to a negative IOD phase when the eastern Indian Ocean had warmer than average temperature anomalies. It is important to note that for this summers event the worlds first successful IOD prediction was modeled four months earlier, April 2006, by the Japan Frontier Research Center for Global Change (FRCGC) Climate Variations Research Program using FRCGCs Earth Simulator super-computer. While an effective forecast was made this year, FRCGC and other modelers believe more accurate and timely predictions of the IOD and associated precipitation patterns can be achieved if enhanced ocean observations are available for model assimilation. FRCGC is confident that extreme short precipitation events are predictable at least a season in advance with increased ocean observational data. Improved forecasts will help to provide more advanced and reliable warnings to Eastern Africa and alleviate IOD associated natural disasters around the world. Therefore, while PANGEA partnerships are a practical and effective means to enhance and apply ocean observations for sustainable development globally, and rapid progress has been made recently in implementing the CLIVAR/Indian Ocean GOOS (IOGOOS) Indian Ocean Observing System (IndOOS) in the Eastern Indian Ocean, the most immediate need for 2007 is to now build capacity for the Western Indian Ocean to benefit African Nations bordering the Indian Ocean. The WMO/IOC Data Buoy Cooperation Panel (DBCP) considers it critical to develop its capacity building activities, as the technology and global coordination for operational activities are now considered sufficiently mature. Also, the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) recently organized the Climate Information for Development Needs: An Action Plan For Africa. PANGEA is consistent with both DBCP and GCOS objectives and would complement their other capacity building activities, in this vital region, such as data management and scientific workshops. Towards this, during the DBCP meeting in La Jolla CA USA this past October, constructive discussions were held with representatives from the Kenyan and South African Meteorological services regarding establishing PANGEA Partnerships for East Africa and the Indian Ocean Region in 2007. A core element of PANGEA Partnerships are in-country applications training workshops. Kenya and South Africa PANGEA Workshops for 2007 In harmony with the goals set forward by GEOSS, GCOS, DBCP and IOGOOS/CLIVAR, the principal objectives of two PANGEA workshops for 2007 are to advance the implementation and applications of western Indian Ocean in-situ ocean and marine meteorological observational data for: Improving Eastern Africa precipitation forecasts, Enhancing ocean observations in the western Indian Ocean and increasing data for model assimilation, More effectively applying ocean and model data to mitigate natural hazards due to extreme precipitation such as floods and droughts, Enhancing resiliency and reducing risk from extreme precipitation events, Increasing adaptation options, Workshop Dates, Budgets and Deliverables: Proposed dates include weeklong workshops during the third quarter of CY 2007, one in Kenya and one in South Africa. Funding is being requested from the WMO in the amount of USD50,000 for each workshop to support: air travel, daily expenses and hotel accommodations for 25 local and regional participants and several U.S. applications training experts; expenses associated with the meeting venue and related logistics; and workshop report production and distribution. Each workshop report will include a summary of all material presented, participant feedback and recommendations. As with other PANGEA workshops, U.S. experts will provide in-country applications training in Kenya and South Africa in exchange for ship time to deploy NOAA moorings in the western Indian Ocean in support of the existing IndOOS implementation plan. Invited Participants: Kenyan and South African Decision-makers and end-users for water management, health, agriculture, hazards management; Operational Meteorologist and Oceanographers, Climate and Precipitation Modellers, Policy and Budget Officials, Customs Officers, Research Scientists. It is anticipated that regional Representatives from nearby Nations will also be invited to participate as appropriate. Participating National and Regional organizations will include: Japan FRCGC, Kenyan Meteorological Service, Famine Early Warning System (FEWS), Kenyan Marine Research Institute, Igad Climate Prediction and Applications Centre (ICPAC, formerly Drought Monitoring Centre-DMC), University of Nairobi, South African Weather Service, South African Development Community (SADC), United States NOAA, Florida Sea Grant, and others. Potential workshops topics will Include (to be tailored to National requirements): Eastern Africas ocean observation requirements and their societal applications, state-of-the-art precipitation modeling using Indian Ocean data, Development of an Indian Ocean moored buoy array, Accessing and using ocean data, Regional coordination activities, Increasing the effectiveness of Ocean observations for enhancing resiliency and reducing risk, Climate risk management: Ongoing demonstrations in East Africa, Preparation of intercessional training, Action items and long-term partnership Terms of Reference.     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