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Text body ддx /AR List^J@■b@Caption дxдx $CJ6^JaJ]&■r&Index $^JЯ8В    >u;,д*Ъ=@Z>u<=>?@lУлЯ8X А                                     ДД╞ ДД╞ ДД╞ ДД╞ ДД╞ ДД╞ ДД╞ ДД╞ ДД╞Д╨ДШ■╞╨.Д8ДШ■╞8.ДаДШ■╞а.ДДШ■╞.ДpДШ■╞p.Д╪ ДШ■╞╪ .Д@ ДШ■╞@ .Ди ДШ■╞и .ДДШ■╞.Д╨ДШ■╞╨.Д8ДШ■╞8.ДаДШ■╞а.ДДШ■╞.ДpДШ■╞p.Д╪ ДШ■╞╪ .Д@ ДШ■╞@ .Ди ДШ■╞и .ДДШ■╞.Д╨ДШ■╞╨.Д8ДШ■╞8.ДаДШ■╞а.ДДШ■╞.ДpДШ■╞p.Д╪ ДШ■╞╪ .Д@ ДШ■╞@ .Ди ДШ■╞и .ДДШ■╞.                  WW8Num2WW8Num3WW8Num4Я8Я8PGРTimes New Roman5РSymbol3&РArialI&РArial Unicode MS5РTahoma5РTahomaBН┼h╡T╥F└T╥FA08EГРEA08EE'0АгD╨╔ъy∙║╬МВкKй р╔ъy∙║╬МВкKй 2http://www.ioc-goos.org/■ рЕЯЄ∙OhлС+'│┘0Ш@H \ h t А Мщ¤ Tom Gross0@h─a@Р№cйЛ╔@жеiиЛ╔@■ ╒═╒Ь.УЧ+,∙оD╒═╒Ь.УЧ+,∙о\щ¤щ¤ье┬M ┐0>uCaolan80 2ВЯ8  ;  <  ljjj~4▓ ╛, lът o Xю rV Tк 8т ┘Pilot Projects GSSC XII, Perth Australia, Feb. 25-27, 2009 Abstract: A summary of the GSSC mandate to organize and recognize Pilot Projects is presented. The Pilot Projects which have been established in the past few years will be briefly reviewed as to their outcomes and continuation of programmes. The role of GSSC in future Pilot Projects is outlined with a goal to guide GSSC actions on recently initiated pilot projects. It is recommended that the GSSC identify the current projects which it understands to be GOOS Pilot Projects and take steps to verify and update the list of Pilot Projects. The Roll of Pilot Projects in GOOS: Pilot Projects are programmes which demonstrate the next generation of Global Ocean Observation System technologies, techniques and applications. GOOS Pilot Projects begin as proposals to the GOOS Scientific Steering Committee (GSSC) to demonstrate a component of the observing system. Upon approval a Pilot Project is expected to run for 3-5 years after which it should continue on as an operational system. All Pilot Projects demonstrate operational techniques and user demand for products. During the demonstration phase the Pilot Projects are supported as research programmes from host institutions and other IOC member state sources. GOOS programmes are not operationally funded from IOC/GOOS sources. Therefore a significant aspect of a Pilot Project is the demonstration of sustained funding sources for continuation based on tangible user demand and needs. Below are links to the home pages of some of the recent pilot projects recognized or noted by GSSC or other GOOS bodies. (See also  HYPERLINK "http://www.ioc-goos.org/"http://www.ioc-goos.org GOOS Pilot Projects.) ChloroGIN http://www.chlorogin.org/world/ Chlorophyll Global Integrated Network project aims to promote in situ measurement of chlorophyll in combination with satellite derived estimates. Chloro-GIN Africa http://www.npm.ac.uk/rsg/projects/chlorogin/ Chloro-GIN Africa portal provides a simple interface to ocean colour and sea-surface temperature satellite data over Africa processed by the University Of Cape Town, EC Joint Research Centre and Plymouth Marine Laboratory. Ferry Box http://www.ferrybox.org/ provides generic, robust and secure environmental monitoring systems for ships of opportunity such as ferries, cargo vessels, vocational cruise liners as well as inland waterway vessels. It provides information, in real time on the environmental stat GODAE http://www.godae.org/ Global Ocean Date Assimlation Experiment demonstrates technologies is to make ocean monitoring and prediction a routine activity similar to weather forecasting. GODAE will serve interests from climate change and coastal preservation through to fisher MOON http://www.moon-oceanforecasting.eu/ Mediterranean Operational Oceanography Network consolidates and expands Mediterranean Sea monitoring and forecasting systems, and ensures full integration with global operational oceanography systems. Ocean Tracking Network http://oceantrackingnetwork.org/ will track thousands of marine animals around the world ? from fish to birds to polar bears ? using acoustic sound waves. At the same time, will be building a record of climate change ? data that can be analyzed and then applied. ANTARES http://home.antares.ws Antares served as a seed for a global network created in September 2006 named "Chlorophyll Global Integrated Network (ChloroGIN)" of which Antares forms its Latin American Regional branch. QUIJOTE http://www.ioc-goos.org/content/view/186/88/ a co-operative effort to monitor, protect and forecast the coastal ocean of Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil under the Coastal GOOS principles. MILAC http://www.ioc-goos.org/content/view/187/88/ Marine Impacts on Lowland Agriculture and Coastal Resources Meta-T: JCOMM Pilot Project for the collection of real-time metadata regarding Sea Surface Temperature and water temperature profile data PP-WET: Pilot Project on Wave measurement Evaluation and Test from moored buoys. Outcome of JCOMM Technical Workshop on Wave Measurements from Buoys, 2,3 October 2008. Other potential and realized pilot projects were enumerated in the An Implementation Strategy for the Coastal Module of the Global Ocean Observing System, 2005, GOOS Report no. 148, Chapter 7. pp. 99-107. Briefly listed these were: 7.1.1 QUIJOTE (Quickly Integrated Joint Observing Team)  Funded 7.1.2 Marine Impacts on Lowland Agriculture and Coastal Resources (MILAC)  Unfunded 7.1.3 Building End-to-End Capacity for Coastal GOOS (ANTARES)  Funded 7.1.4 Global Patterns and Trends in Public Health, Socio- Economic and Resource Indicators  Unfunded 7.1.5 SeagrassNet  Funded 7.2.1 Global Coastal Surface Wind Fields  Unfunded 7.2.2 Mapping Surface Coastal Currents Using HF Radar  New 7.2.3 Improved Coastal Sea Surface Temperature Fields  Unfunded 7.2.4 Global Methods for Developing, Evaluating and Improving Ocean Colour Products in the Coastal Zone  Unfunded 7.2.5 Global Storm Surges and Flooding Risk  Unfunded 7.2.6 Coupling Shelf and Deep Ocean Models  Unfunded The concept of Pilot Projects is elaborated in several GOOS Reports. Excerpts are given below. 7. Developing the Coastal Module through Pilot Projects (An Implementation Strategy for the Coastal Module of the Global Ocean Observing System, 2005, GOOS Report no. 148, Chapter 7. pp. 99-107) As described in the Strategic Design Plan for the Coastal Module (IOC, 2003), a pilot project is an organized, planned set of activities with focused objectives designed to repeatedly test, over a range of conditions, techniques and approaches that show promise as potential elements of the operational system. Pilot projects have a defined schedule of finite duration. Their purpose is to illuminate weaknesses, provide opportunities to address those weaknesses, permit a better understanding of how capabilities may be applied, and gain community acceptance of new techniques (from measurements to models). Proposed projects must specify how successful completion will contribute to the development of the GOOS and benefit potential user groups; objectives and milestones that can be achieved within a specified, finite period (e.g. less than 5 years); and partners and procedures to be used to achieve the projects objectives. Pilot projects may target specific elements of the GOOS (sensors, platforms, models, etc.) or the development of product-driven, end-to-end capabilities (improve an existing product or produce a new product). In many, if not most cases, pilot projects will be developed within a national or regional setting and, if successful, be adopted by other regions and/or scaled up for global deployment. Pilot projects have important roles to play in developing operational capabilities both regionally and globally. To these ends, a set of pilot projects is proposed below that the GSSC may wish to consider promoting. Projects are labelled as  unfunded if they have yet to be developed and funded and as  funded if they are currently (2004) active and funded at some level. 7.3 Phased Implementation (The Integrated Strategic Design Plan for the Coastal Ocean Observations Module of the Global Ocean Observing System, 2003, GOOS Report no. 125, Chapter 7.3, pp 111-112) In the development of current operational capabilities (e.g., ENSO forecasts), candidate systems typically pass through four stages on the path from a research project to operational modes (Nowlin et al., 2001).They are as follows: The development of observational (platforms, sensors, measurement protocols, data telemetry) and analytical (e.g., models) techniques for research purposes; Acceptance of the techniques by research and operational communities gained through repeated testing and pilot projects designed to demonstrate their utility and sustainability in a routine, operational mode; Pre-operational use of techniques and data by the research, operational and user communities to ensure that incorporation into the observing system leads to a value added product (is more cost-effective than functioning in isolation) and to ensure that incorporation does not compromise the integrity and continuity of data streams and product delivery; and Incorporation of techniques and data into the observing system with sustained support and sustained use. A critical aspect of incorporation into GOOS will involve the timely provision of data and metadata via an integrated data management system as described in Chapter 6. A pilot project is an organized, planned set of activities with focused objectives designed to provide an evaluation of technology, methods, or concepts the results of which are intended to advance the development of the sustained, integrated observing system. As such, pilot projects have a defined schedule of finite duration. Guidelines for reviewing an endorsing pilot and pre-operational projects are as follows: Projects may be regional in scope; they may target any stage in the end-to-end system as outlined in i-iv above; and they may be enabling research or proof of concept projects. Projects must be organized and planned sets of activities with well defined objectives, a specified schedule with milestones, specified deliverables (products), and a finite lifetime. A clear statement must be made of how the project will significantly benefit the design, implementation, or development of CGOOS on regional (multi-national) to global scales.That is, the project must be justified in terms of how successful completion of its goals will improve the system s capacity to provide data and information for potential applications that are relevant to the needs of the user community.When appropriate, the project should be developed in collaboration with user groups. Projects must have funds in hand or have identified sources of funding. It is expected that projects will function autonomously under the oversight of COOP or of a regional or national GOOS body as appropriate.. Building C-GOOS (COOP 1st Session, 2000, GOOS-095, pp.11-12) Programs that are relevant to the development of C-GOOS are divided into 3 categories: (i) operational programs, (ii) pre-operational pilot projects, and (iii) enabling research. Operational programs provide products to user groups that are in demand and are made possible by sustained data streams and data management systems that guarantee data quality. Pilot projects and enabling research are organized, planned sets of activities with focused objectives, a defined schedule, and a finite life time that are expected to produce results that significantly benefit the global ocean observing system in general and C-GOOS in particular. An important function of pilot projects is to demonstrate the utility of the GOOS  end-to-end, user-driven approach. Enabling research develops the technologies and knowledge (e.g., sensor and models) required to detect and predict changes. It is expected that C-GOOS will develop along two tracks: (1) the building of an initial global network through the incorporation of existing operational elements that meet GOOS design requirements and (2) the implementation of pre-operational pilot projects that demonstrate the utility and cost-effectiveness of the  end-to-end, user driven approach and contribute to the development of the global network and regional enhancements. Pilot projects will also be an important vehicle for the incorporation of new scientific knowledge and technologies into the observing system (transformation from research applications to operational modes). Both pilot projects and enabling research programs will be essential to capacity building and the scientific advances required to grow the system into a fully integrated and operational observing system. In this regard, mechanisms are needed to enable the exchange of information and technologies among pilot projects so that they may learn from each others successes and failures and to insure the incorporation of GOOS design principles and the development of common techniques, models, and data processing strategies. This is particularly important for the data management subsystem if data and data products are to be exchanged in a timely fashion on regional to global scales. The successful development of C-GOOS depends on broad-based international support and ongoing sponsorship by nations and private institutions. The annual operating cost of the World Weather Watch in 1992 was about $2 billion U.S. The annual cost of a GOOS at that time was also about $2 billion U.S., most of which was for satellites. Although a cost analysis has yet to be performed for C-GOOS, these figures provide an order of magnitude estimate of the investment that will be required to initiate the core network proposed here. Although government funding will be essential, especially for large capital-intensive components of the observing system such as satellites, funding from the private sector will be required in the long term. In these regards, the importance of National and Regional GOOS Programmes cannot be overemphasized. These programmes are vehicles for implementation. They provide an important means for facilitating the user input required to implement and enhance the core program and for institutionalizing mechanisms for sustainable funding. Collaboration with key research programs will provide the scientific basis for continued development toward a fully integrated system. The first step is to coordinate and integrate existing efforts to insure continuity and to achieve larger scale regional and global perspectives, minimize redundancy, improve access to data, and produce timely analyses that benefit a broader spectrum of user groups. By building on existing capabilities and infrastructure, and by using a phased implementation approach, work can start immediately to achieve the vision. New technologies, past investments, evolving scientific understanding, advances in data communications and processing, and the will to address pressing societal needs combine to provide the opportunity to initiate an integrated observing system for coastal ecosystems. 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