ࡱ> %` R?cbjbj"x"x 8@@YJJJJr,r,r,r, ~-|.hn0n0n00222!!!!!!$h"El92"2l9l9EJJn00/Z@@@l9J8n0(0@l9@@0- Lg,r,$=lJ,p06>~66424N@ 6 7W222EE@222l9l9l9l9&r,r,JJJJJJ JCOMM Technical Workshop on Wave Measurements from Buoys New York, 2- 3 October 2008 Strawman proposal for the way forward  SHAPE \* MERGEFORMAT  1. Introduction. The background to convening the workshop was as follows: The JCOMM Expert Team on Wind Waves and Storm Surges (ETWS) wished to extend the very limited network of in situ wave observations from moored buoys to other regions; In particular, the ETWS was keen to develop significant numbers of in situ wave observations from the deep oceans, possibly using a co-ordinated network of drifting buoys; These wishes stemmed from a desire to: Improve the opportunities for the validation of satellite wave measurements; Improve the opportunities for the validation of global wave models; Improve the density of wave measurements ahead of hurricanes, and for similar process-related studies; Additionally the ETWS was concerned to understand the systematic differences that had been found to exist between two major populations of similar wave measuring buoys, namely the US and Canadian coastal networks; The Data Buoy Co-operation Panel (DBCP) was keen to work with the ETWS to make practical progress in tackling the issues; The opportunity existed to involve acknowledged experts from the oil and gas industries by holding the meeting in conjunction with the OGP met-ocean meeting in New York in October; This would be timely in allowing a proposal for further work to be submitted to the DBCP at its annual session in mid October. 2. Outcome of the meeting. Moored Buoys Wave buoy data geographical coverage is still very limited, especially as far as any measure of wave directionality is concerned. There is no perfect or gold standard wave measurement system presently available against which to inter-compare other types of wave measurement. However, the Datawell sensors were viewed in consensus as the best available and should form the basis for comparisons. If measurement technology improves the standard can be update some time in the future. Continuity of the established buoy networks and expansion of directional measurements is a priority both for operational and climate assessment requirements. Expanding wave observing capabilities to other parts of the worlds could be desirable from an operational point of view for the areas of interest (where waves are a key parameter for marine activities) Establishment of guidelines of best practices for wave measurements from buoys would be an important step in making the buoy measurements consistent across various networks and instrumentation types. There is the real need to inter-compare various buoy networks, platforms, and instrumentation to establish consistency for the first 5 standard wave measurements. Development of standardised procedures for the buoy inter-comparison will be required. In principle, a proper wave measuring device should reliably estimate the so called first 5 for directional wave sensors. collocate different buoys with a reference standard (the consensus was for a Datawell waverider buoy) for a least a year at one or more reference sites; sites at Duck, NC and Scripps (US West Coast) were identified as leading candidates, but the Gulf of Mexico, Oahu, NW Australia and the North Sea were also noted as possibilities. The concept of moving intercomparison technology was endorsed, i.e. having easily deployed sensors such as the DW which could be moved to individual sites for periods of time to compare with existing measurements there. The meeting agreed with the WIGOS Concept of Operations (CONOPS) recommendation that all wave observational data and metadata should adhere to WIGOS standards for instruments and methods of observation. The meeting agreed with the development of best practices and standards documents related to waves and to development of wave metadata within the Meta-T framework For buoys not designed to follow wave slope/particle motion, a more promising approach in long term may be to do away with the assumptions and transfer function correction, and instead measure buoy motion and then observe waves directly like from a fixed platform There is a need to raise awareness of transfer function problems. There is a need to raise awareness of sensor options, quality, prospects. The DBCP could well be willing to initiate a pilot project to develop procedures and protocols for the continuous testing and evaluation of buoy wave measurements. If the pilot project proposal is accepted, the DBCP would likely be willing to set aside up to $30k per year for 3 years to support the project, provided that matching contributions (in-kind or cash) could be identified from other interested parties; The DBCP could also promote the recommendations of the New York wave workshop which are outside the scope of the test and evaluation Pilot Project, including expansion of the moored buoy network of wave measurement and assessment of emerging technologies. The ETWS chair agreed to draw up a strawman proposal (this document) to be circulated for comment amongst participants, with a view to presenting it to the DBCP in Cape Town. Drifting Buoys Un-drogued drifting buoys are recognised as being good wave followers with relatively uncomplicated transfer functions; Two technologies were identified that might yield high quality 2-D wave spectra from drifters: Downward looking ADCP to infer 2-D spectra from wave orbital velocities; Specialised GPS to measure motion of drifter at periods of <100s; The ADCP technique was seen as being expensive (~$30k), whereas the GPS hardware was inexpensive (~$500); The GPS technique would require the development of specialised software: some companies had already been active in this field (e.g. JMA/JAXA, Datawell, CCD); The DBCPs long experience in transitioning buoy technology from the lab to the operational arena, and in maintaining a global fleet of >1250 drifters built, reporting and archiving to a common standard suggests that they would, in the first instance at least, be a good choice to pursue wave measurements from drifters. Moreover the DBCP evaluates technologies impartially without showing favour to any particular nation, organization or manufacturer. The DBCP could well be willing to initiate a pilot project to: Intercompare GPS drifter wave measurements with recognised industry standards through a careful test and evaluation programme; In the event that good results are obtained, to sponsor the construction and deployment of up to 50 GPS wave drifters so as to develop confidence in the use of this technology; If the pilot project proposal is accepted, the DBCP would likely be willing to set aside up to $30k per year for 3 years to support the project, provided that matching contributions (in-kind or cash) could be identified from other interested parties; The DBCP chair agreed to draw up a strawman proposal (this document) to be circulated for comment amongst participants, with a view to presenting it to the DBCP in Cape Town. 3. Objectives of a Pilot Project for the measurement of waves from drifting buoys Evaluate feasibility of wave measurement from drifters Explore in particular use of GPS as the cost-effective means of yielding 2-dimensional wave spectra Prove the technology by measurements and intercomparison with existing trusted wave measurement technologies Subsequently deploy up to 50 wave measurement drifters within the framework of the pilot project Establish confidence in user community in the validity of wave measurements from drifters 4. Methodology Establish a Pilot Project Steering Team comprising a wide representation from end-users, wave experts, buoy manufacturers, and buoy operators Draw up a work programme (see draft later in this document) that Evaluates the potential of GPS for wave measurements from drifters Verifies the performance of GPS-equipped drifters against industry standards Leads to the deployment of a fleet of up to 50 prototype drifters Analyses and reports on the data Consult with potential end-users (e.g. global wave modellers, satellite operators, forecasters e.g. for extreme events such as hurricanes, etc.) to decide on the deployment area(s) Engage with buoy manufacturers to build up to 50 prototype wave measurement drifters to be deployed as part of the pilot project. Ensure free access to data via the DBCP servers Engage with other operators and end-users to seek contributions (cash and in-kind) Present results (written reports, conference presentations, scientific publications) 5. Objectives of a Pilot Project for the test and evaluation of wave measurements from moored buoys Develop the basis for an international framework for the continuous testing and evaluation of existing and planned wave buoy measurements Coordinate buoy inter-comparison activities. Develop technical documentation of differences due to hull, payload, mooring, sampling frequency and period, processing (e.g. frequency bands & cutoff), precision, transmission Develop training material to educate users about how to deploy and operate wave sensors appropriately. Contribute appropriate material to the JCOMM Standards and Best Practice Guide Establish confidence in the user community of the validity of wave measurements from the various moored buoy systems 6. Methodology Establish a Pilot Project Steering Team comprising a wide representation from end-users, wave experts, buoy manufacturers, and buoy operators Draw up a work programme (see draft later in this document) that Establishes standards for the intercomparison of moored buoy wave measurements Documents existing procedures for moored buoy wave measurements Establishes standards and contributes to development of guidelines for best practices for wave data and metadata Consult with buoy network operators, manufacturers and potential end users (e.g. global wave modellers, satellite operators, forecasters) potential end-users to undertake coordinated evaluations of buoy wave measurements according to the agreed-on standard. Engage with other operators and end-users to seek contributions (cash and in-kind) Present results (written reports, conference presentations, scientific publications) Draft Terms of Reference for the Steering Team of the DBCP Pilot Project on Wave Measurements from Drifters (DBCP PP-WMD) The Pilot Project will a) evaluate the feasibility of making wave spectral measurements from GPS-equipped drifting buoys and b) if successful, proceed to the deployment of a network of up to 50 GPS-equipped drifting buoys. The Pilot Project will run for an initial three-year period from November 2008 and will report to the DBCP on progress at its annual sessions. The Pilot Project will seek to evaluate the feasibility of GPS wave technology for drifters in terms of: Data quality in comparison to established industry references; Sensor reliability and survivability; Limitations of sensor validity as a function of sea state; Data throughput in terms of quantity and timeliness; Data management, especially data formatting and insertion on the GTS; Operational shipment and deployment, including rapid response options; Cooperation with developing countries in terms of drifter deployment and technology transfer; Collaboration with manufacturers to promote availability of GPS-equipped wave drifters; Overall cost effectiveness (manufacturing, transmission, data processing, life-time); The Steering Team is tasked to guide the Pilot Project in achieving the tasks described above. Draft Steering Team Membership please add/delete your name if interested/uninterested The Steering Team is comprised of the following individuals: David Meldrum (Chair) ( HYPERLINK "mailto:David.Meldrum@sams.ac.uk" David.Meldrum@sams.ac.uk) Val Swail ( HYPERLINK "mailto:val.swail@ec.gc.ca" val.swail@ec.gc.ca) Peter Niiler ( HYPERLINK "mailto:pniiler@ucsd.edu" pniiler@ucsd.edu) John Bidlot ( HYPERLINK "mailto:john.bidlot@ecmwf.int" john.bidlot@ecmwf.int) Hester Viola ( HYPERLINK "mailto:viola@jcommops.org" viola@jcommops.org) Andy Sybrandy ( HYPERLINK "mailto:asybrandy@pacificgyre.com" asybrandy@pacificgyre.com) Bill Burnett ( HYPERLINK "mailto:Bill.Burnett@noaa.gov" Bill.Burnett@noaa.gov) Bob Jensen ( HYPERLINK "mailto:Robert.E.Jensen@usace.navy.mil" Robert.E.Jensen@usace.navy.mil) Tony Chedrawy ( HYPERLINK "mailto:tony@metocean.com" tony@metocean.com) Jeff Wingenroth ( HYPERLINK "mailto:jw@technocean.com" jw@technocean.com) Julie Thomas ( HYPERLINK "mailto:jot@splash.ecsd.edu" jot@splash.ecsd.edu) Hans Graber ( HYPERLINK "mailto:hans@miami.edu" hans@miami.edu) Harry Pannekeet ( HYPERLINK "mailto:sales@datawell.nl" sales@datawell.nl) Secretariat support will be provided by WMO and IOC. Contact points: Etienne Charpentier, WMO, Switzerland (echarpentier@wmo.int) Boram Lee, IOC, France (b.lee@unesco.org) DBCP PP-WMD Draft workplan Year 1 analysis of available technologies Establish what potentially low-cost technologies (GPS or otherwise) exist for making wave measurements from drifters, and establish links with the developers of these technologies Undertake lab and field trials of selected systems; field trials to take place at an established wave measurement facility (e.g. Scripps or Duck) Analyse intercomparison data in terms of quality, reliability and performance limitations Examine options for improving data quality, reliability and performance envelope Present results to DBCP-XXV Decide if the technology is good enough to warrant a more extensive trial in Year 2, or if further development is needed Year 2 proceed to larger deployment if results are encouraging Engage with buoy manufacturers to develop a common specification for prototype drifters Develop a cost-sharing mechanism for the construction and deployment of up to 50 wave drifters within available resource limitations Consult with end users to draw up a deployment strategy that might best demonstrate the viability of the technique or otherwise Commence deployments Analyse results and present to DBCP-XXVI and other fora Decide if modifications are needed to the plan or the technologies for year 3 Year 3 continue with development and deployments Invoke any technology changes deemed desirable Continue with deployments within funding limitations Analyse and publish results as widely as possible Decide if a case can be made to continue the pilot project for a further year and investigate follow-on mechanisms Report to DBCP-XXVII DBCP-ETWS PP-WET Pilot Project on Wave measurement Evaluation and Test from moored buoys Background: The JCOMM Technical Workshop on Wave Measurements from Buoys (New York, 2-3 October 2008) recognized and supported the recent work carried out in the development of the US IOOS Operational Wave Observation Plan (September 2007) and its related documents including the March 2007 US Wave Sensor Technologies Workshop. The underlying basis for that plan, which was endorsed by the NY workshop, made the case that continuous testing and evaluation of wave measurement systems is an essential programme activity, of equal importance to the deployment of new assets. In particular it was agreed that the success of a directional wave measurement network is dependent in large part on reliable and effective instrumentation (e.g. sensors and platforms), a thorough and comprehensive understanding of the performance of existing technologies under real-world conditions is currently lacking independent performance testing of wave instruments is required The New York workshop also confirmed the following basic principles: : the basic foundation for all technology evaluations, is to build community consensus on a performance standard and protocol framework. multiple locations are required to appropriately evaluate the performance of wave measurement systems given the wide spectrum of wave regimes that are of interest. protocols and resources could be established to conduct in-place evaluations of wave measurement systems which can not easily be moved to the test sites. The meeting further agreed that the most effective way to proceed with a DBCP-based Pilot Project on Wave Measurement Test and Evaluation was to expand and extend the relevant parts of the US experience from the IOOS Wave Plan test and evaluation activities to an international context within JCOMM. Objectives: Develop the basis for an international framework for the continuous testing and evaluation of existing and planned wave buoy measurements Coordinate buoy inter-comparison activities. Develop technical documentation of differences due to hull, payload, mooring, sampling frequency and period, processing (e.g. frequency bands & cutoff), precision, transmission Develop training material to educate users about how to deploy and operate wave sensors appropriately. Contribute appropriate material to the JCOMM Standards and Best Practice Guide Establish confidence in the user community of the validity of wave measurements from the various moored buoy systems Methodology: Establish a Pilot Project Steering Team comprising a wide representation from end-users, wave experts, buoy manufacturers, and buoy operators Draw up a work programme (see draft later in this document) that Establishes standards for the intercomparison of moored buoy wave measurements Documents existing procedures for moored buoy wave measurements Establishes standards and contributes to development of guidelines for best practices for wave data and metadata Consult with buoy network operators, manufacturers and potential end users (e.g. global wave modellers, satellite operators, forecasters) potential end-users to undertake coordinated evaluations of buoy wave measurements according to the agreed-on standard. Engage with other operators and end-users to seek contributions (cash and in-kind) Present results (written reports, conference presentations, scientific publications) Draft Steering Team Membership: please add/delete your name if interested/uninterested The Steering Team is comprised of the following individuals: Bob Jensen (Chair) ( HYPERLINK "mailto:Robert.E.Jensen@usace.navy.mil" Robert.E.Jensen@usace.navy.mil) David Meldrum ( HYPERLINK "mailto:David.Meldrum@sams.ac.uk" David.Meldrum@sams.ac.uk) Val Swail ( HYPERLINK "mailto:val.swail@ec.gc.ca" val.swail@ec.gc.ca) Jean Bidlot ( HYPERLINK "mailto:Jean.Bidlot@ecmwf.int" Jean.Bidlot@ecmwf.int ) Hester Viola ( HYPERLINK "mailto:viola@jcommops.org" viola@jcommops.org) Bill Burnett ( HYPERLINK "mailto:Bill.Burnett@noaa.gov" Bill.Burnett@noaa.gov) Julie Thomas ( HYPERLINK "mailto:jot@splash.ecsd.edu" jot@splash.ecsd.edu) Hans Graber ( HYPERLINK "mailto:hans@miami.edu" hans@miami.edu) Harry Pannekeet ( HYPERLINK "mailto:sales@datawell.nl" sales@datawell.nl) Bill OReilly ( HYPERLINK "mailto:bor@coast.ucsd.edu" bor@coast.ucsd.edu ) Jon Turton ( HYPERLINK "mailto:jon.turton@metoffice.com" jon.turton@metoffice.com ) Christian Meinig ( HYPERLINK "mailto:Christian.Meinig@noaa.gov" Christian.Meinig@noaa.gov ) Uwe Send ( HYPERLINK "mailto:usend@ucsd.edu" usend@ucsd.edu ) Anne Karin Magnusson ( HYPERLINK "mailto:anne.karin.magnusson@met.no" anne.karin.magnusson@met.no ) Kevin Ewans ( HYPERLINK "mailto:kevin.ewans@shell.com" kevin.ewans@shell.com ) George Forristall ( HYPERLINK "mailto:george@forocean.com" george@forocean.com ) Stan Stroud ( HYPERLINK "mailto:stan.stroud@woodside.com.au" stan.stroud@woodside.com.au ) Joao A. Lorenzzetti ( HYPERLINK "mailto:loren@dsr.inpe.br" loren@dsr.inpe.br ) Representative(s) from Korea, Australia, Mediterranean, India Secretariat support will be provided by WMO and IOC. Contact points: Etienne Charpentier, WMO, Switzerland ( HYPERLINK "mailto:echarpentier@wmo.int" echarpentier@wmo.int ) Boram Lee, IOC, France ( HYPERLINK "mailto:b.lee@unesco.org" b.lee@unesco.org ) Draft Workplan The Pilot Project will run for an initial two-year period from November 2008 and will report to the DBCP on progress at its annual sessions. The Steering Team shall be selected and tasked to guide the Pilot Project through the following actions: Year 1 Expand and extend the relevant parts of the US experience from the IOOS Wave Plan test and evaluation activities to an international context within JCOMM Develop or adapt, as necessary, test and evaluation standards and the methodology for the inter-comparisons for both directional and non-directional data. Establish basic protocols for how the field tests of wave measurement systems will be conducted (note that SIO has already established tools for wave sensor intercomparison) Develop specific protocols for how the first set of system tests will be conducted (e.g. length of time for testing), and analysis software to be used, and how results will be presented. Develop metadata standards for wave measurements and documentation of existing wave measurement metadata in coordination with the Meta-T PP (there already is an ODAS standard for buoy metadata) Liaise with existing marine metadata projects to develop support for the goals of the Pilot Project (e.g. ODAS, IODE, WIS) Develop technical documentation and evaluation of differences due to hull, payload, mooring, sampling frequency and period, processing (e.g. frequency bands & cutoff), precision, transmission in existing global moored buoy networks. Identification and possible development of standard wave quality control guidelines Contribute, as appropriate, to the JCOMM Standards and Best Practice Guide Present results to DBCP-XXV and other scientific fora Year 2 Carry out coordinated intercomparisons of wave measurements from different platforms on an opportunistic basis as proof of concept of the test and evaluation plan Develop a plan for the implementation of a continuous technology testing and evaluation program Promote the development of new wave measurement sensors and measurement techniques and their evaluation Identify approaches to evaluating the performance (e.g comparisons to a currently accepted technology/approach) of current operational and pre-operational (including nautical and HF radar, ADCP, GPS sensors, and ASIS buoys) in situ and remote sensing technologies Investigate the possibility of an alternative testing site if an ocean platform, suitable for mounting a pressure array, were to be available through an industry partnership agreement; the evaluation framework would remain the same irrespective of the actual site Develop training material to educate users about how to deploy and operate wave sensors appropriately Decide if a case can be made to continue the pilot project for a further year and investigate follow-on mechanisms Present results to DBCP-XXVI and other scientific fora Actions requested Review the proposal and the draft workplan and send comments to  HYPERLINK "mailto:david.meldrum@sams.ac.uk" david.meldrum@sams.ac.uk and  HYPERLINK "mailto:val.swail@ec.gc.ca" val.swail@ec.gc.ca by close of business Tuesday 14 October. Consider who should be steering team members (including yourself!). Identify any likely sources of collateral support (cash or in-kind). 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A!n"n#n$n% Dd 5D  3 @@"?DyK David.Meldrum@sams.ac.ukyK Xmailto:David.Meldrum@sams.ac.ukyX;H,]ą'cDyK val.swail@ec.gc.cayK Lmailto:val.swail@ec.gc.cayX;H,]ą'cDyK pniiler@ucsd.eduyK Hmailto:pniiler@ucsd.eduyX;H,]ą'cDyK john.bidlot@ecmwf.intyK Rmailto:john.bidlot@ecmwf.intyX;H,]ą'cDyK viola@jcommops.orgyK Lmailto:viola@jcommops.orgyX;H,]ą'cDyK asybrandy@pacificgyre.comyK Zmailto:asybrandy@pacificgyre.comyX;H,]ą'cDyK Bill.Burnett@noaa.govyK Rmailto:Bill.Burnett@noaa.govyX;H,]ą'cDyK Robert.E.Jensen@usace.navy.milyK dmailto:Robert.E.Jensen@usace.navy.milyX;H,]ą'cDyK tony@metocean.comyK Jmailto:tony@metocean.comyX;H,]ą'cDyK jw@technocean.comyK Jmailto:jw@technocean.comyX;H,]ą'cDyK jot@splash.ecsd.eduyK Nmailto:jot@splash.ecsd.eduyX;H,]ą'cDyK hans@miami.eduyK Dmailto:hans@miami.eduyX;H,]ą'cDyK sales@datawell.nlyK Jmailto:sales@datawell.nlyX;H,]ą'cDyK Robert.E.Jensen@usace.navy.milyK dmailto:Robert.E.Jensen@usace.navy.milyX;H,]ą'cDyK David.Meldrum@sams.ac.ukyK Xmailto:David.Meldrum@sams.ac.ukyX;H,]ą'cDyK val.swail@ec.gc.cayK Lmailto:val.swail@ec.gc.cayX;H,]ą'cDyK Jean.Bidlot@ecmwf.intyK Rmailto:Jean.Bidlot@ecmwf.intyX;H,]ą'cDyK viola@jcommops.orgyK Lmailto:viola@jcommops.orgyX;H,]ą'cDyK Bill.Burnett@noaa.govyK Rmailto:Bill.Burnett@noaa.govyX;H,]ą'cDyK jot@splash.ecsd.eduyK Nmailto:jot@splash.ecsd.eduyX;H,]ą'cDyK hans@miami.eduyK Dmailto:hans@miami.eduyX;H,]ą'cDyK sales@datawell.nlyK Jmailto:sales@datawell.nlyX;H,]ą'cDyK bor@coast.ucsd.eduyK Lmailto:bor@coast.ucsd.eduyX;H,]ą'cDyK jon.turton@metoffice.comyK Xmailto:jon.turton@metoffice.comyX;H,]ą'cDyK Christian.Meinig@noaa.govyK Zmailto:Christian.Meinig@noaa.govyX;H,]ą'cDyK usend@ucsd.eduyK Dmailto:usend@ucsd.eduyX;H,]ą'c DyK anne.karin.magnusson@met.noyK ^mailto:anne.karin.magnusson@met.noyX;H,]ą'cDyK kevin.ewans@shell.comyK Rmailto:kevin.ewans@shell.comyX;H,]ą'cDyK george@forocean.comyK Nmailto:george@forocean.comyX;H,]ą'c DyK stan.stroud@woodside.com.auyK ^mailto:stan.stroud@woodside.com.auyX;H,]ą'cDyK loren@dsr.inpe.bryK Jmailto:loren@dsr.inpe.bryX;H,]ą'cDyK echarpentier@wmo.intyK Pmailto:echarpentier@wmo.intyX;H,]ą'cDyK b.lee@unesco.orgyK Hmailto:b.lee@unesco.orgyX;H,]ą'cDyK david.meldrum@sams.ac.ukyK Xmailto:david.meldrum@sams.ac.ukyX;H,]ą'cDyK val.swail@ec.gc.cayK 4mailto:val.swail@ec.gc.caL@L Normal$CJOJQJ_HaJmH nHsH tHh@h [ Heading 2$$ `1$@&a$!6OJPJQJ]hmH sH tH d@d [ Heading 3$h7$8$@&H$^h5OJPJQJ\^JnHtHDA@D Default Paragraph FontRiR  Table Normal4 l4a (k@(No ListR>@R [Title$a$&5CJOJPJQJ\^JaJnHtH6U@6 (' Hyperlink >*B*ph@@ ; Balloon Text CJ^JaJ?[?[ 9UVW>e]3b\ $ ! 6K|wx)*9:Zi'tB=~Pq& +!!!!!!r""P##${$|$}$$$%]%%%]&_''( (A(w(((e)f)))_*`***+5+{++ ,x,,,.-/-----(.r.. /Z// 0l001U1111-2.2k22222223(4444h5i5556677U777778<8n8888 9Q9R9^9_9;;L<<==[=]==>'?(?U@V@b@c@@@AAAA6B7BBBBB C CCC*DjDDE0FFFFFFG GGG/HHH"IqIIJRJJ KLKKL\LLMLMMMMMMRNSNTNdNeN[O\OfOgOPPPPLQMQR RRRGSHS1T2TTTTT U U UUUUUVVVVWWXXXXqYrYYYYYZZ<[=[@[0000000000000 0 0 0 0> 0> 0> 0 0 0 0000 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0  0  0 0  0  0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0i 0i 0 0 0000 0 0 0 0 00000 0 0 0= 0= 0= 0= 0 0 0 0 00000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0000 0 0 0% 0% 0% 0 0 0 000 (00w(0w(0w(0w(0w(0w(0w( 0w( 0w( 0w( 0w( 0w( 0w( 0w( 0w( 0w(0w(0w(0w(0w(0w(0w(0w( 0w( 0w( 0w( 0w( 0w( 0w( 0w( 0w( 0w( 0 w( 0 w( 0 w( 0 w((0w((0w(01 01 010101010101 01 01 01 01 01 01010101 01 01 01 01 01 01010101 01 01 01 01 010101010101010101 01 01 01010101 01 01 0101010101010101010101010101010101010101 0 1 0 1 0C1 0C1 0C1 01 01 01010101010101 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 01 01 01 01 0101(0w(0MM 0MM 0MM0MM0MM0MM0MM0MM0MM0MM0MM 0MM0MM 0MM0MM 0MM@0MM 0MM@0MM 0MM0MM 0MM@0MM 0MM0MM 0MM0MM 0MM0MM 0 MM0MM0MM0MM0MM" 0MM0MM" 0MM0MM" 0MM0MM" 0MM0MM" 0MM0MM" 0MM0MM" 0MM0MM" 0MM0MM000 0 0 0003 "05[66C77I889:@^AO@ABCDFGHIKMOQRSTUVWXYZ[]^`ab %,`27h=^A7JOdV ]a?c368:<=?EJLNP\_b>c4- .%.3.\.o...... //D/W/i/////00J0i0{0000011>1R1b1111114GiGGGGGGH,H*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags PersonName S! ! ! !!!! !!!! 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