ࡱ>  @ BSbjbj00 RRJD   $ 0 0 0 D !!!8$""D Ptp#(####%%%OOOOOOO$zQRSO0 %%"%%%O0 0 ##O777% 0 #0 #O7%O77GP0 0 K#d# PU!x0J*AMDO0PKrT6~TTKD D 0 0 0 0 T0 K%%7%%%%%OOD D Dd74D D Some ideAs on regional GOOS alliances Franois Grard, Chair, I-GOOS This document summarises ideas of the I-GOOS Chairman, to help to the reflection of the Forum of November 2006. It rests on relevant documentation produced under GOOS since the creation of the programme. This documentation develops a message plainly: the development of GOOS will be done through regional groups, close to the users of GOOS and to those involved in. In annexes I and II are given the GOOS Principles and the GOOS regional policy already agreed by I-GOOS, which are accounted in the following paragraphs. Regional alliances Today The map below points out the geographical establishment of the groups declared as regional GOOS alliances (GRA), or being constituted.  SHAPE \* MERGEFORMAT  Figure  SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 1: Existing regional alliances (source: IOC) These alliances are pragmatic answers to the guidelines concerning the development of GOOS on a regional basis. They were generally established by a statement from the participants to the authorities of the IOC. Few formal decisions (resolution, recommendation) of these authorities are found concerning them. The taking into account generally comes from an indication in the meeting reports. It is the sign of a dynamic bottom-un process with which one must be pleased. The table below shows that the majority of the GRA constituted themselves around an oceanic basin. Others including political or economic community exits of interest. The majority are free associations relying on a memorandum of understanding. Only two develop within the intergovernmental framework of the IOC. Lastly, the method of work of these groups generally is what are called the "best effort", a small number only having set up a mechanism for sharing the co-ordination costs. Name Origin Type of grouping Creation date Recognition by IOC Arctic-GOOS Maritime basin: Arctic In constitution MedGOOS Maritime basin: the Mediterranean Informal agency association. Participation on the rule of the best effort. Memorandum of understanding signed in March 1999. Aknowledged in IOC-XXII report.Black-Sea GOOS Maritime basin: Black Sea Agreement inter organisations without fund division. Memorandum of understanding signed in October 2001, as a pilot project of the regional Committee of the Black Sea, established by the IOC-XVII-17. Recognised by IOC-XXI-10NEAR-GOOS Maritime basin: Seas of the Asia of the North-east Programme of a subsidiary body of the IOC of an intergovernmental nature. Created by the XXVII me meeting of UNESCO, in 1994. Recognised by EC-XXIX-5SEA-GOOS Maritime basin: Seas of South-East Asia Inter-agencies agreementEstablished in 2001 to implement SEACAMP.IOCARIBE-GOOS Maritime basin: Caribbean Seas; Gulf of Mexico Programme of a subsidiary body of the IOC Decision of the 6th IOCARIBE meeting. Recognised by EC-XXXV-5.IO-GOOS Maritime basin: Indian Ocean Agreement inter organisations with fund sharing for coordination. Aknowledged in IOC-XXII report.OCEATLAN Coastal edge: The western Southern Atlantic Inter-agencies agreement. Presented to I-GOOS-VIIGRASP Coastal edge: Pacific of the South-east Inter-agencies agreement.Created in 2003.Goos-Africa Community of interest: Africa Coordination committes associating agencies and of international programme representatives. Created in 1998. Aknowledged in IOC-XXII report.PI-GOOS Community of interest: Island states Inter-agencies agreement.Created in 1998. Aknowledged in IOC-XXII report.EuroGOOS Community of interest: Europe Inter-agencies agreement Executive secretariat cofinanced by the members. Memorandum of understanding in 1994, revised in 1999. Noted in I-GOOS-II report (1995) and aknowledged in IOC-XXII report.US-GOOS National programme Aknowledged in IOC-XXII report. some ideAs for the structuring of regional alliances. General principles I-GOOS is charged to set up, develop, and maintain a system for the observation of the ocean. This system has to be global, in the sense it has to cover in a coherent way the world ocean, its adjacent seas and their coastal areas. This involves filling the existing gap between the GOOS module relating to the climate, covering the free ocean, and that relating to the coastal activities from which the development strategy has just been approved. The ideas presented below rest on the elements advanced in the documentation available, in particular the reports of the two regional forums (2002, 2004), the strategy for implementation of the coastal GOOS module (2005), the report of the JCOMM-GSSC-GRA (2006) task team. They also result from informal discussions with persons involved in the process. They are based on four simple principles. The clear separation of the implementation of the GOOS and of its governance. The implementation is the responsibility for a system of oceanic observation networks defined around basins. The governance is the responsibility for the GRA and I-GOOS. The existence of an accreditation process of the GRA in line with the principles of GOOS quoted in appendix. This accreditation would include in particular an I-GOOS delegation as regards control and technical certification of the observation systems of their responsibility. The constitution of the GOOS regional council (GRC), as a committee placed to I-GOOS under the same conditions as the GSSC and contributing with him to the overall governance of the system. A network of regional ocean observing systems We take up again here concept of Global coastal network (GCN) proposed as an element of the strategy of development of the coastal GOOS module, but while widening. One can indeed consider that the basic unit of development of GOOS is the Ocean region, defined either around an individual sea (the Mediterranean, the Caribbean Sea, the Arctic Ocean), or from an oceanic or coastal region showing individual characteristics (the margins of the North-East Atlantic, the western coast of South America). The geographical, physical and biological characteristics of these Ocean Basins condition the users' requests on the one hand, and the configuration of the observation network and of the corresponding information systems, on the other. We will designate them as regional ocean observing systems (ROOS). The examples of this approach of the observation by basin are numerous and often old. It is the case of the systems developed in Europe around the Baltic (BOOS), of the Mediterranean (MOON) and of the margins of the North-East Atlantic (NOOS). It is that of the Indian Ocean (IOGOOS). The interest of the approach by basin is to make of the climatic GOOS module an observation system among others. Let us note that we do not speak here directly about the regional coastal observation networks (RCOOS). The coastal applications are so diverse that they can be treated in GOOS only through a very strict principle of subsidiarity. The coastal systems will thus be regarded as elements of the basin systems. The proposal are therefore. Elementary bricks for the the implementation of GOOS are the ROOS, these systems including coastal components (RCOOS); ROOS first meet the needs expressed on the ocean region under consideration, while contributing also to the overall system relating to the climate; The coherence of all the ROOS is ensured by: the definition of a number of variables of common interest for the overall observation system, as proposed in the strategy of implementation of the coastal GOOS module; the definition of methods, tools and common standards in the areas of the measure at sea, data management, modelling and analysis of the oceanic phenomena, to which each ROOS will have to adhere to be accredited as a system taking part in GOOS. Each ROOS should be implemented by operators (existing entities or to be created) in charge of observations, data management, modelling and analysis, on the scale of on the region and its coastal areas. We do not propose any standard model of organisation for the operators of the basin observation systems. This organisation will arise from the socio-economic characteristics and from the technical capabilities of the bordering actors of the region. The initiative is regional. On the other hand, the responsibility for overall consistency belongs to GOOS. Groups who are led to play the first roles in the implementation of this network network are in particular the JCOMM and IODE, which have a long practice of the questions of coordination and of standardisation. These are not the only entities able to intervene on the matter of implementation, these are today first. It is therefore through this prism that we have to study the proposals made by the task team. Lastly, it will be of the I-GOOS responsibility to validate these procedures and methods, within the framework of a process, not of certification (this term is not suitable), but rather of technical accreditation of the systems having vocation to form part of GOOS where to fold in its recommendations. A governance making it possible to facilitate this coordination, standardisation and accreditation work must then be found by decentralising it at most. It is here that GOOS regional alliances (GRA) intervene. A regional alliance network closer to the users In the spirit of the editor, each GRA shows the interests in and the needs with respect to GOOS of the Members of the IOC of a given Region, in the sociopolitical and geopolitical meaning of the term. Whatever is the origin of the alliance, it should therefore, at least: Organise and ensure the collection of the regional and local needs as regards monitoring, forecast, and protection of the oceanic and coastal environment; Promote the acquis and the capacities of operational oceanography; Transform the needs into specifications for observing systems on the scale of the basin and/or on the scale of the coasts; Contribute to implementation of the ROOS meeting these needs, and ensure their consistency; Contribute to capacity building in the region; Ensure the institutional link with the governing bodies of GOOS, while acting in particular as an I-GOOS agent for certain coordination tasks. Thus, regional alliance can have to direct several basin observation systems. Conversely, a basin observation system can meet the needs for several alliances and for other users. The example of the MOON system, on the Mediterranean will illustrate this remark. Resulting from an initiative of EuroGOOS, this observation system is also useful to MedGOOS (Countries of the circumference of the Mediterranean), and to Goos-Africa. The GOOS regional Council. The overall governance has to ensure the harmonious development of GOOS while respecting the currently still valid principles of it enacted in 1996. We are dealing with a system of systems, going from the general (the climate) to the specific (a bay or an estuary). The governance to be set up has therefore to obey a strict subsidiarity principle. We see here two governance levels, the global level and the regional level. The global GOOS governance was clarified by the 23rd meeting of the IOC. I-GOOS ensures strategic control. The GSSC is the planning and scientific and technical expertise body. Join to also the J-COMM and IODE in their normative and operational support role. Only lacks the representation mechanism for the GRA. The regional GOOS governance is the business of regional alliances. The link with the users and the answers to data fall within their competence. In their region they will have to follow the principles of GOOS, to exert some of the I-GOOS coordination tasks, make sure of the implementation of the ROOS of their responsibility and take care of the consistency of the depending RCOOS. Ensuring the consistency of the system necessitates that GRA work together and have a close institutional link with I-GOOS and the IOC. Whence two proposals: Secure the regional GOOS forum as a bi-annual workshop of the GRAS, as a place of experience and proposal sharing. Establish the GOOS regional council (GRC) taking part in the overall governance, as called upon by the second forum, and according to methods specified hereafter. The difficulty, noticed by the 23rd assembly of IOC, is to introduce into the system of the IOC the representation of groups which is not recognised structures both in the convention and in the rules of procedure of the organisation. The step proposed below can achieve the process, pending legal validation. I-GOOS, at its next session agrrees existing alliances, on the basis of the GOOS principles and related recommendations from the third forum. All the GRA thus recognised constitute the GOOS regioinal council (GRC). In practice each alliance nominates a representative in this council. The Council nominates then a Chairperson who becomes a new ex-officio member of the of I-GOOS board. In this context, the GRC could be a governance structure having same legal status than the GSSC. It is under cover of the GRC that the Working groups suggested in the development strategy could be established. A simple way of forward is that the accreditation of alliances includes the existence in each one of them of a person in charge of the question followed by the working groups, whether this person is a rapporteur or a chairperson of a regional working group. All the regional rapporteurs of the observation thus set up the working group of the GRC, linking with the corresponding programme area of the JCOMM. Annex I: the principles of <> PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN D1: GOOS is conceived to achieve objectives defined by the needs of the user. D2. The design supposes that the contributions to GOOS are permanent. D3. The design will be revised regularly. D4. The design envisages the flexibility of technique. D5. GOOS is directed towards the overall problems and/or these ubiquistes problems profiting from the overall observation systems. D6. The design covers all the elements, with the data capture to final goods and to services. D7. Management, the treatment and the dissemination of the data will follow a specific policy. D8. The design takes into account the existence systems external to GOOS which can to contribute and/or him benefit. D9. The design takes into account procedures of quality assurance. PRINCIPLES OF PARTICIPATION P1. The contributions to GOOS will be in conformity with the plans drawn up and accepted on the basis of the principles of above design. P2. Contributions will be appropriate the policy of the GOOS data. P3. Contributions should reflect the intention to make permanent comments. P4. The standards of quality will apply to the contributions to GOOS. P5. The implementation will be carried out by using, if necessary, the systems and the organisations on existing international nationals and. P6. The implementation will be done step by step, by considering the long-term objectives. P7. The participation in GOOS involves aid for the less developed countries so that those take part in and from profit. P8. Participants will have complete autonomy in the management of their contributions to GOOS. P9. The participating nations and the organisations will reserve themselves the right to determine and limit their contributions to GOOS. P10. The use of the GOOS label involves conformity to the suitable principles of GOOS. ANNEX II : GOOS REGIONAL POLICY, as adopted by I-GOOS-VI and endorsed by IOC-XXII PURPOSE Establishing and improving the GOOS are critically dependent on the coordinated development of GOOS Regional Alliances (GRAs) that contribute to and benefit from the global system. GRAs are created to facilitate sustained ocean monitoring to meet regional and national priorities. They require interagency collaboration and an internationally accepted policy. The activity and cooperation of GRAs is especially important to the development of the coastal module of GOOS. QUALIFICATIONS 2.1 GRAs are formed by agreement between participating countries, national organizations, and/or international bodies (Regional monitoring networks, Regional Fishery Bodies, Regional Seas Conventions, etc.). Membership should be chosen to best serve the data and information needs of organizations that use, depend on, or are responsible for the management of the marine environment and its resources in the region. 2.2 To be recognized as a part of the GOOS, a GRA must conform to the GOOS principles, policies and practices that are established and endorsed inter-governmentally by the IOC, WMO or UNEP from time to time. 2.3 To the extent that the geographic range and activities of a GRA overlap with those of other GRAs, the GRAs involved must establish agreements to ensure effective use of resources to the benefit of all. 2.4 Each GRA is expected to benefit from and contribute to the activities of the GOOS Regional Forum established by the Intergovernmental Committee for GOOS (I-GOOS). APPROVAL 3.1 The compliance of the activity of an organization requesting recognition as GRA with the GOOS principles must be reviewed by the GOOS Steering Committee and endorsed by the Intergovernmental Committee for GOOS (I-GOOS), upon evaluation of issues of inter-governmental cooperation, sponsorship or endorsement. The I-GOOS will inform the executive body of the GRA concerned about the evaluation. Where improvements, changes or actions are recommended to secure recognition, these shall be negotiated through the GOOS Project Office. After its endorsement by the I-GOOS, the case for each GRA will be submitted for the approval of the General Assembly or the Executive Council of the IOC. 3.2 Proposals to be recognized as a GRA must include the following: Evidence that a management structure is in place that can deliver an integrated and sustained system by linking, enhancing and supplementing existing infrastructure and expertise in theregion. Provision of an acceptable business plan that has been endorsed by stakeholders (data providers and users) from the region and describes the procedures by which the observing system will be established, developed, and sustained. This must include procedures for quality assurance, conformance to internationally accepted standards and protocols for measurements, data management, and communications. ACCOUNTABILITY 4.1 To ensure that there is a single forum where GOOS activities can be considered in their entirety, all recognized GRAs are expected to: (i) be active members of the GOOS Regional Forum, (ii) be represented at meetings of the I-GOOS, (iii) provide periodic reports on their activities to I-GOOS. Reports should include among other things (a) analyses of the extent to which GOOS Principles have been implemented, and (b) information about the provision of data and information in forms and at rates required by user groups, about data quality, and about the continuity of data streams. 4.2 A GRA may be dropped from the GOOS based on the recommendation of I-GOOS and approval by the General Assembly or Executive Council of the IOC.  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