ࡱ> '` ?1bjbjLULU 0D.?.?(S& B,?vBXXXXXXX^``````$h&XXXj vXX(~XX^X^X6 h><L2,~?X XXXXXX?XXXX$   4B Part I Introduction to this Field Guide 1. Introduction, rationale, purpose and value of post-tsunami surveys Post-tsunami field investigations are an essential component in understanding tsunamis and developing the tools and programs necessary to mitigate their effects. There are many reasons why individuals or groups of experts will wish to participate in a post-tsunami survey. Ultimately, experts participate in order to better understand the tsunami event and to apply this new knowledge in assisting in long-term tsunami disaster risk reduction efforts. The goal of these efforts is to save lives, reduce loss and preserve and enhance resilience and reduce vulnerability. A destructive tsunami can attract a large number of experts interested in documenting its impacts (including physical, social, environmental, engineering, ecological, economic and so on) impacts on affected coasts and communities. Data collected immediately after damaging tsunami are important for government decision-makers in the short-term to better organize and deploy often-limited resources to heavily affected areas. Further, they are important in the long-term for recovery planning that will help to mitigate the losses of future tsunamis. An influx of researchers can put stress on jurisdictions already overwhelmed by the need to respond to the tsunami and the demands of government agencies, non-government organizations and the media. Without a coordination plan that is integrated into government emergency response operations, perishable data may prove to be logistically difficult to obtain before natural environmental processes (or bulldozers) obliterate that data. Perhaps more importantly, poor planning may interfere and conflict with emergency response activities. By following the principles in this guide, experts can participate in tsunami survey teams and collect necessary data in an integrated approach that captures the full extent of the event. At the same time, by coordinating their efforts with host country governments, teams can gain logistical assistance, a better understanding of the cultural issues in the affected country, and provide information that can be used to better mange recovery and reduction of future impacts. 2. Structure of this Field Guide This Field Guide is divided into three broad sections as follows: Part I introduction to the Field Guide Part II conducting post-tsunami field surveys, and Part III data types, equipment, methods and best practice Part I provides an introduction to this Field Guide, outlines its rationale, and describes the purpose and value of conducting field surveys. It outlines the structure of this guide, notes the modifications from the First Edition and importantly, recognizes the need for different types of survey team structure to reflect varying research needs. It also provides a summary of previous post-tsunami surveys. Part II deals with the mechanics of conducting post-tsunami field surveys. Part II is divided in to three subsections that deal with issues to be addressed before, during and after the survey is conducted. Part III outlines the types of data that can be collected before, during and after going in to the field, the types of equipment needed to gather that data, the methods available to researchers and where appropriate, recognizes best practice. Various Annexes are listed at the end of the guide that provide more detail and templates for researchers to use as appropriate. Make as many copies of the Annexes as necessary for conducting surveys at different sites. Be aware of the need to translate the Annexes in to relevant local languages. 3. Modification of this Field Guide from the First Edition The purpose of this guide is to revise and update the first Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) post tsunami survey guide (1998) in order to incorporate advances in our understanding of tsunamis, improve data quality and acquisition, and facilitate coordination both within the research community and with host countries. In 1998, an Ad Hoc working group headed by Salvador Ferreras compiled the first Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) post-tsunami survey field guide (UNESCO-IOC, 1998). While post-tsunami field surveys have been undertaken for many years, the formal designation of an International Tsunami Survey Team (ITST) was first used after the September 2, 1992 Nicaragua tsunami (Synolakis and Okal, 2005). Table X provides a list of post-tsunami surveys undertaken in the last XX years and these surveys are located in Figure X. The 1998 IOC guide was a response to the need for uniformity in collecting data. These early ITSTs were driven by the tsunami modeling community who needed water height and inundation measurements to benchmark the accuracy of model output. A team was necessary in order to quickly gather perishable data. Although often focused on water height data, these early ITSTs often recognized the importance of an interdisciplinary approach and included researchers from different disciplines. They also included sharing information with the people and officials in the affected country. A number of factors have led to this revised Field Guide. In the 1990s, the number of tsunami researchers was relatively small and most events involved at most one or two teams and a handful of researchers. Two events changed this. In 1998 a moderate earthquake produced a major tsunami in Papua New Guinea. A number of tsunami scientists interpreted the tsunami as landslide generated. This generated interest in tsunami hazards in many parts of the world not previously considered at high risk of tsunamis. The major change in tsunami hazards and in post-tsunami surveys followed the December 2004 Indian Ocean disaster. The scale of the event in area and impact was unprecedented in modern times. Dozens of teams and hundreds of researchers worked in the 11 affected countries over the following year. Not only was the amount of data much larger than ever collected in previous ITST efforts, it included different types of data measured in different ways by different groups. With the increase in data volume came concerns about how to archive and process the data, and quality issues including collection methodology, terminology, base levels, and ambient tidal conditions. The 2004 tsunami made it clear that the ad hoc, informal way of conducting post-tsunami surveys was no longer adequate. Tsunami research has also changed since 1998. Advances in modeling, availability of space-based technologies including satellite imagery and global positioning satellite navigation, and methods of recording impacts such as the proliferation of amateur digital video and still imagery need to be addressed in a field guide. The 1998 guide devotes one paragraph to describing tsunami sediments. Since its publication, tsunami deposits have become a major research area requiring careful techniques in collection and analysis of samples. In addition to advances in technique, many more disciplines have become involved in post-tsunami investigations including the social and economic sciences, ecology, and engineering (to name just three). Post-tsunami surveys have moved beyond traditional approaches of measuring maximum inundation, run-up and flow depth to include a detailed, varied, rich and contextural understanding of the effects of tsunamis at different places including upon people and their communities, infrastructure, agricultural systems, ecology, geomorphological systems, engineered structures and so on. This Second Edition of the guide seeks to address this rapidly developing approach. This Guide provides a flexible framework for undertaking post-tsunami surveys, their guiding principles, and protocols, and provides a set of best practices and templates for individuals and groups considering forming or participating in post-tsunami surveys. It represents our best efforts at this moment in time and attempts to take account of what we know. It will need revision again in the future. 4. Recognizing the need for flexible Tsunami Survey Teams This guide recognizes the need to collect important data that may perish or be lost quickly after a tsunami has occurred (such as run-up height, inundation and water mark levels) and acknowledges different types of post-tsunami survey teams. For example, it may be appropriate for a small, mobile, team of experienced tsunami researchers to be deployed in to affected regions to gather limited, significant, perishable data. Such teams would likely have a limited Terms of Reference. The results of their survey work, should be shared and used to guide, larger, multi-sectoral, interdisciplinary teams with larger, more complex Terms of Reference and research tasks. Further information is provided in Part II of this Field Guide. 5. Aligning post-tsunami research terminology with United Nations/UNECO definitions Many fundamental terms used by the tsunami research community (such as hazard, risk, resilience, vulnerability, disaster etc) are used in slightly different ways by experts from different discipline fields. This is normal. However, as this Field Guide is published by the UNESCO-IOC, wherever possible, the guide seeks to use the accepted definitions of these terms given by the UN International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR) ( HYPERLINK "http://www.unisdr.org/" http://www.unisdr.org/). Further, according to UNISDR policy, effective disaster risk reduction (DRR) efforts are increasingly being defined within the theoretical construct of the coupled human-environment system also referred to as the socio-ecological or systems-approach, which clearly recognizes the nexus and feedbacks between the biophysical world in which hazard events like tsunami occur, and the human (socio-economic) world in which disasters unfold (Goff and Dominey-Howes, In press; UNISDR, 2009). References Goff, J. and Dominey-Howes, D. (In press). The 2009 South Pacific Tsunami. Earth Science Reviews. Synolakis, C.E., and Okal, E.A. (2005). 1992-2002: Perspective on a decade of post-tsunami surveys, in: Tsunami ed. by K. Satake, Adv. Natur. Technol. Hazards, 23, 1-30. UNESCO-IOC. (1998). Post-tsunami Survey Field Guide (First Edition), Manuals and Guides 30. Pp43. UNISDR. (2009). Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction. United Nations, Geneva, Switzerland. Pp197. Table X and Figure X to be provided by Laura Kong and Paula Dunbar in due course */;Epuv    g n o ~ ? O U y % 1 7 8 @ G 1;B˴˙hwqB*OJQJphhLVhwqB*OJQJphhwqB*OJQJphhg4hwqB*OJQJphhwqOJQJhwqOJQJhLVhwqOJQJhwq5OJQJhWhwq5OJQJhWhf5OJQJ7*+q 34]$^a$gdwqM$Eƀ #Fa$gdwq$a$gdwq $a$gdwq0>1%*G`iZ[HLZe06]ǻǻǻǻǻ介xxxxxxxxxhwqOJQJhLVhwqOJQJ hC!hwq6B*OJQJphhwq5B*OJQJph hWhwq5B*OJQJphhwqB*OJQJphhLVhwqB*OJQJphhWhwqhN?OJQJhg4hwqB*OJQJphhwqB*OJQJph-jk:;./Z[OPCDCDY!Z!s#t#$a$gdwq $a$gdwq$^a$gdwq&=LNP/0BCDfhi|}~CDor s ,!@!A!W!Z!a!o!{!r#s#####ϴhLVhwqB*OJQJphhB hwqB*OJQJphhwqB*OJQJphjhwq0J<UhChwqB*OJQJph *h"AhwqB*OJQJphhLVhwqOJQJhwqOJQJhB hwq6OJQJ6####$$$($=$>$@$U$_$b$$%%%%&&@&`&'''''''''**+\++,,,伮䣒ud jhwqB*OJQJUph hMzhwq6B*OJQJphhwqB*OJQJph hMzhwq5B*OJQJphhg4hwqOJQJhwq5B*OJQJph hWhwq5B*OJQJphhwqOJQJhwhwqB*OJQJphhwqB*OJQJphhLVhwqB*OJQJph't#&&'''****+...//k/l/00y0z00=1>1?1$a$gdwq $a$gdwq,,,,,- -.../l/ 00000=1>1?1ͼ䤙oYoOKGhfhwqjhwq0JU+h?Zhwq5B*OJQJ\^JaJph%h?ZhwqB*OJQJ^JaJphh?ZhwqOJQJh?Zhwq5OJQJh:ThwqOJQJhg4hwqOJQJh<hwq0JOJQJ jhwqB*OJQJUph,jh<hwqB*OJQJUphhwqB*OJQJphh~_hwqB*OJQJph.:pwq/ =!8"8#$% DyK http://www.unisdr.org/yK .http://www.unisdr.org/00@@@ NormalCJ_HaJmH sH tH DA@D Default Paragraph FontRiR Table Normal4 l4a (k( No List D@D 58 Balloon TextCJOJQJaJFOF 58 Char Char2CJOJQJaJmH sH B'@B 580Comment ReferenceCJaJ4@"4 580 Comment Text>O1> 580 Char Char1CJaJmH sH Hj@!"H 58Comment Subject5CJ\aJ2O2Q2 58 Char Char5\6U@a6 ~_ Hyperlink >*B*phDale Dominey-Howes?)DD$Fl &RU?)D?)*+q3 4 ] j k : ; . / @)`'`'`'`'`'`'`'`'`'`'`'`'`'`'`'`'`'`'`'`'`'`'`'`'`'`'*+q3 4 ] j k : ; . / Z[OPCDCDYZst""""#&&&''k'l'((y(z((=)@)000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000@0 00R*+q3 (@)000000000000000#,?1!t#?1 >1$$%?)X $Fl (($)+,.:"ensw\ain"#"l'u'''''(=)@)+!!3'R'S'i'(((=)@)3333"##'''((+(z(((@)(@)@) fwq(z((=)@)@@{?)p@Unknownm_chavezm_chavez20110202T10227194fm_chavezG: Times New Roman5Symbol3& : Arial3TimesSLucida GrandeCourier7K@Cambria hff "J"J!4d((2qH ?'I"2)Part I  Introduction to this Field Guide Lori Denglerm_chavezOh+'0 (4 T ` l x,Part I Introduction to this Field GuideLori DenglerNormal m_chavez2Microsoft Office Word@F#@Z1@7@7"GVT$m  ^j&" WMFC# tlUT#m EMF]!=g   % Rp@TimesL!0 x UL!03Times`|G]|@0Ln0dv%   Tx-.@-@L\Part I <2-!'TT- .@-@LP 2T -s.@-@ !L Introduction to this Field Guide'8!,288,!28!3!8'<,8M88,TTt-.@-@tLP (7 TT.@-@LP (6Rp@Times x UL!0pL!0p0\06 03Times4 0P000Ln0dv%  % TdL.@-@pLT1. I2'TM_.@-@Mp Ldntroduction,8!,288,!28T`.@-@`p L` rationale,2!282,Tp .@-@pL, purpose and value of post88,82',288228,2!82'!TTq  .@-@q pLP-!T D .@-@ pLltsunami surveys(!'882R'8,2,2'% TTE r .@-@E pLP . Tdn.@-@LTPost82'TTo.@-@oLP-!Tv .@-@8Ltsunami field investigations are an essential component '22,N!,222,'1,22'-!-,2 ,'',2, ,2N222,2TXw  .@-@w LPin2T8 C.@-@ 'L understanding tsunamis and developing 222-!',3221'22,N' ,222,3,2221 % Tnl.@-@ULxthe tools and programs2,"22'",22"2!32!,N'Tol.@-@oU L` necessary#2,,,''-#0T{l.@-@U L` to mitig"2"N2T| l.@-@|ULpate their effects.,,"2-!",!",,'TT 0 l.@-@ ULP "Rp@Times New RomanG: Times ew Roman x 0Ln0(dv% TH1 Bl.@-@1 U*LThere are many reasons why individuals or =3,!-",","N,30#",,'22("H40"22222-'"2" Tn .@-@4Lgroups of experts will wish to participate in a post1!222''2!',32,!''H&H'2'2'2,!,2,,'2',&22'TT n/ .@-@ LP-.!T0 nB.@-@0 3Ltsunami survey. Ultimately, experts participate in '22,N''2!2-0'HN,,0',32,!''2,!,2,,'2 TpLR.@-@;[Lorder to better understand the tsunami event and to apply this new knowledge in assisting i2!2,!23,,!223,!',322,'22,N,3,2,22 2,2202'3,H223H,22,2 ,'''21TpMPR.@-@M;LXn long2232TTQqR.@-@Q;LP-!TlrCR.@-@r;LXterm ,!O TTB.@-@fLtsunami disaster risk reduction efforts. The goal of these efforts is to save lives, reduce loss and '22,N.2',',!.!'2.!-22,22.,!!2!'./=2,/22,.2!.2,',/,!!3!'.'.2.',2,.2,'.",22,-.2''.,23 T 8.@-@!9Lpreserve and enhance resilience and reduce vulnerability.2!,',!3,,22,23,2-,!,(,2,,,22",22,,223,",20TT  8.@-@ !LP . % TT;.@-@L&" WMFC TP - % T .@-@ 4LA destructive tsunami can attract a large number of H02,'!2,2,0'22,N0,,20,!,,0,0,"2,022N2,!02!0T|  .@-@ L\experts ,32,!'0T J .@-@  L`interesten2,!,',TlK + .@-@K LXd in 3020T|, .@-@, L\document22,2N,2TT .@-@ LPiTX4 .@-@ LPng21Td5 .@-@5 LT its0'TB .@-@  L` impacts e0M2,,' T\"9.@-@|XL(including physical, social, environmental, engineering, ecological, economic and so on)!2,2221+240',,+'2,,+,22!22N,2,+,313,,!31+,,231-,+,,232N,+,22+'2+22!Tx:"t.@-@:|L\ impact+N2,,TTu".@-@u|LPs'Td"B.@-@|LT on +21 T~.@-@ Ldaffected co,!!-,,2,2T.@-@Lxasts and communities.3,'',23,2ON22,'TT.@-@LP TX|.@-@LP DHT}.@-@} L`ata collec,,,2-,T.@-@Lted immediately after damaging,3NN,2,,0,!-!2,O-131TC.@-@L tsunami are important for x'22,N-!,N22!-2!2  T y.@-@bLtgovernment decisionm122-!2N,2"2,,'22TT.y.@-@bLP-33!T/Ey.@-@/bLtmakers in the shortN-2,!'"2"2,"'22!TTFfy.@-@FbLP-)!T<gy.@-@gb(Lterm to better organize and deploy often,!N"3"2,,!"2"1,2-,",22"2,330"2!,2TTy.@-@bLP- !TBy.@-@bLxlimited resources to mN,2"!,'23!-,'"2 T{G.@-@Llheavily affected2,,20 ,!",,,2TpH{3.@-@HLX areas-!,,'T$4{ .@-@4$L. Further, they are important in the 82!2,!2.0,",N22!,322,Tl { .@-@ LX long1221TT { .@-@ LP-3!T, {~.@-@ %Lterm for recovery planning that will ,!N!2!",-22,#02,22312,HTl{B.@-@LXhelp 2,1 T`(_.@-@HLTto 2T)_.@-@)HL|mitigate the losses of N1,,2,2'','2!Tp~_.@-@HLXfuture"22!,T|_.@-@HL\ tsunami'22,NTT_.@-@HLPs'TT_.@-@HLP.TTA_.@-@HLP W- % TTb.@-@LP .- TPG .@-@0 +LAn influx of researchers can put stress on H22!232!!,'-,!,3,!' ,,222'",''22T,~G .@-@0 %Ljurisdictions already overwhelmed by 2!'2-22',!,,4023,!H3,N,240T~G .@-@0 Ldthe need to 2-2,,32TpG .@-@0 LXrespon!,'223TTG .@-@0 LPd2TdBG .@-@0 LT to 3 % TdH b .@-@ LTthe 2,'TxcH  .@-@c L\tsunamiS'22,NTTH Z .@-@ ,L and the demands of government agencies, non&" WMFC 4',23'2,'3-N,22''2!(123,!2N,2(-1,3,,''223TT[ H | .@-@[ LP-E"T8} H ) .@-@} 'Lgovernment organizations and the media.r122,!2O,3'2"1,2-,22'',22'2-(N,2,TT*H B .@-@* LP o % T B, .@-@ ^LWithout a coordination plan that is integrated into government emergency response operations, _222=,=,22!22,22=2,2=2,='=2,1!,-2=22=122,!2N,2>,N,"1,2.0>!,'222',=23,!-22' Tp.  .@-@ LXperish2,!'2Tt. [ .@-@ 1Lable data may prove to be logistically difficult p,2,$2,,$N./$3!32,$2$2,$21',,/$2"",2$T\ . .@-@\ L`to obtain 2$21,2$Tx . .@-@ L\before l2,!2!,$T  . C .@-@ Lnatural environmental processes 2-2!,$,22!22N,2,$2!2-,'',& T ~  .@-@ >L(or bulldozers) obliterate that data. Perhaps more importantly!2!2222-,!'!22,",-2,2,,8-!2,2'N2", N22!,20TT  .@-@ LP,mT  .@-@ Lp poor planning may222"2,2221N.0T B .@-@ L| interfere and conflict 2,!",!-,22 ,32!, % T A .@-@n Lhwith emergencyH2,N,"1,2.0TB  .@-@Bn L` response !,'222'-T T .@-@n Ld activities.,,2,'TXU  .@-@Un LP TT  .@-@n LP 3% TT  .@-@n LP 4- TT  .@-@ LP 1- T m .@-@V LhBy following .D0%!22H31%T, m .@-@V %Lthe principles in this guide, expertsa2,%2!2,3,'%2%2'%122,%,32,!'Tl m .@-@ V LX can 4%,,2%Tl Bm .@-@ V 0Lparticipate in tsunami survey teams and collect 2,!,2,,%2%'22,N%'2!2-0%-,N'%,22%,2,, To C .@-@ kL$necessary data in an integrated approach that captures the full extent of the event. At the same time, by c2,,,''-#03,,2,22-1",,2,22!2-,22,,,22!,'2-!2,3,22"2-,2,2H3,',N-N-31 T S .@-@< Lcoordinating their efforts m,22!22,21#2,!$,!!2!(#Tl S .@-@< LXwith 3H2#T S .@-@< Lhhost country E22'#,222"/$T S .@-@< Ldgovernments)122-"2N,2'T` . S .@-@ < LT, t1#T`/ CS .@-@/ < .Leams can gain logistical assistance, a better ,,N'#,,2#1,2$21',,#,''',2,,#,#3,,! TU  .@-@ fLunderstanding of the cultural issues in the affected country, and provide information that can be used222,!',22312!2,,22!,''2,'22,,"!,,-2,222#0,222!223,2!2!N,222,,,23,3',2TTU  .@-@ LP T`U B .@-@ LTto 2 T W 9.@-@"6Lbetter mange recovery and reduction of future impacts.2,,!N,31,!,,23,#0,32!,22,222!!22",N2,,'T&" WMFC TX 9.@-@X "LP - TT<.@-@LP - % T!.@-@ Lx2. Structure of this 28!,8,!8,,2"!8'Tp!.@-@ LXField <,8Tl!.@-@ LXGuideM88,TT'!.@-@ LP 6 % T$:.@-@~LlThis Field Guid=2'7,2H22Tx;$ .@-@;~2Le is divided into three broad sections as follows:,'222,2222!,,2!3,2',,32','!22H'TT $ .@-@ ~LP - TT.@-@LP - Tx |.@-@eL\Part I 8,!TT |.@-@eLP 2T   |.@-@e L introduction to the Field Guide2!223,2222,7,2H22,TT 0 |.@-@ eLP . T|.@-@L\Part II 8,!! TT5.@-@LP 2T5.@-@5Ll conducting post,2223,2122'TT.@-@LP-"T .@-@Ltsunami field surveys, and'22,N!,2'2!2./',32TT 2 .@-@ LP - T#d.@-@M L`Part III 8,!!! TT#Vd.@-@$MLP 2TtV d.@-@VM1L data types, equipment, methods and best practice2,,03,',222N,2N,222',222,'2!,,,,TT D d.@-@ MLP . TTg.@-@LP - Tt] K.@-@41LPart I provides an introduction to this Field Gui8,! 3!222,',22!232,2222'7,2H2T^ CK.@-@^ 4:Lde, outlines its rationale, and describes the purpose and 2,222,''!,22,,,222,',!3,'2,22!22(,,22 TMB.@-@mL(value of conducting field surveys. It outlines the structure of this guide, notes the modifications from the 2,2,2!,2223,22!,3'2!2.0' 222,'2,(!2,2!,2!2'122,22,'2,N22!,,22'!!3N2, Tdr1.@-@YLFirst Edition and importantly, recognizes the need for different  types of survey team s7!'=222,23N22!-20",,312-,'2-2-,2!2!2!",",2!02,(!2"'3!2.0-,N'TsB1.@-@sLttructure to reflect !2,2",3!-",, % T3 .@-@3Lvarying research needs. It also provides a summary 2,#/31!,'-,",22,,2'!,'22!222,','2NN,"0% T 3` .@-@ Llof previous post2!3!,222'22'TTa 3 .@-@a LP-!T| 3 .@-@ L\tsunami '22-NT| 3!.@-@ L\surveys.'2!2-0'TT"3:.@-@"LP % TT;3h.@-@;LP . TT.@-@LP - T .@-@u3LPart II deals with the mechanics of conducting post8,!! 2-,' H2 2, N+,2,2,' 2! ,2222,31 22'TT  .@-@ uLP-!T C.@-@ u6Ltsunami field surveys. Part II is divided in to three '22,N !,2 '2!2-0' 8,!!  ' 222,2 2 2 2!,- TPV.@-@+Lsubsections that deal with i &WMFCssues to be add'22',,22'2,2,,H2''2,'22,,22TW.@-@W9Lressed before, during and after the survey is conducted. !,'',22,!2!,23!22,22-!,!2,'2!2.0',2223,,2TT?.@-@LP . TTs.@-@\LP - TvB.@-@nL(Part III outlines the types of data that can be collected before, during and after going in to the field, the 8,! ! 222,'2,02-'2!2,,2,,,22,,2,,,22,!2",22!21,22,!,!1221222,!,22+ TXZ.@-@CWLtypes of equipment needed to gather that data, the methods available to researchers and02,'92!9,222N,292-,2,29291,2-!92,92,,92,9N,222'9,2,,2,929!,',,",2,!'9,22TxCZ.@-@CL\ where 9I2,!- T0\.@-@&Lappropriate, recognizes best practice.,22!22!,,!,,312-,'3,'2!,,-,TT\.@-@LP . TTA.@-@*LP - TCC.@-@jL Various Annexes are listed at the end of the guide that provide more detail and templates for researchers H,!22'H22,3,',!,',2,2,,222!2,122,2,2!222,N2!,2,,,22,N2,,'!2!!,',-!-2,!' T'.@-@Lxto use as appropriate.22',,',22!22!,,TT@'.@-@LP .% 666666666666666666666666666666666666 6 66 6  6 66 6  6 66 6  6 66 6  6 66 6 66666666666666666666  =E."System-@Times- 2 AJD?Part I .  2 AwD?=2 A!D? Introduction to this Field Guidet          2 AcD?  2 TJD? @Times--2 gJD?1. I2 ga D?ntroduction,   2 g D? rationale 42 gD?, purpose and value of postG      2 gD?-"2 gD?tsunami surveys   - 2 g-D? 2 zJD?Post  2 zfD?-_2 zk8D?tsunami field investigations are an essential component      2 zD?inF2 z'D? understanding tsunamis and developing     -,2 JD?the tools and programs  2 D? necessary2 ) D? to mitigy  &2 dD?ate their effects. 2 D? @Times New Roman-J2 *D?There are many reasons why individuals or    Y2 J4D?groups of experts will wish to participate in a post     2 D?-X2 3D?tsunami survey. Ultimately, experts participate in t     2 J[D?order to better understand the tsunami event and to apply this new knowledge in assisting i        2 D?n long 2 D?-2 D?term g 2 JfD?tsunami disaster risk reduction efforts. The goal of these efforts is to save lives, reduce loss and        a2 J9D?preserve and enhance resilience and reduce vulnerability.   2 D? - 2 JD? -Y2 J4D?A destructive tsunami can attract a large number of     2 D?experts  2  D?intereste2 .D?d in t 2 RD?document   2 D?i2 D?ng2 D? its2  D? impacts  2 JXD?(including physical, social, environmental, engineering, ecological, economic and so on)     2 D? impactt  2 D?s2 D? on 2 $J D?affected co +2 $D?asts and communities.   2 $%D? 2 $*D? D 2 $: D?ata collec82 $yD?ted immediately after damaging   42 $LD? tsunami are important for i  (2 7JD?government decision   2 7D?-(2 7D?makers in the short  2 7[D?-G2 7`(D?term to better organize and deploy often    2 7pD?-+2 7vD?limited resources to  #2 JJD?heavily affected  2 JD? areasA2 J$D?. Further, they are important in the   2 JD? longs 2 JD?-C2 J%D?term for recovery planning that will t    2 JD?help s2 ]JD?to  .2 ][D?mitigate the losses of 2 ]D?future2 ]D? tsunami  2 ]ID?s 2 ]OD?. 2 ]SD? - 2 pJD? L2 J+D?An influx of researchers can put stress on   C2 f%D?jurisdictions already overwhelmed by t    2 e D?the need to  2 D?respon 2 D?d2 D? to -2 JD?the  2 dD?tsunamii M2 ,D? and the demands of government agencies, non      2 D?-F2 'D?government organizations and the media.     2 D? -2 J^D?Without a coordination plan that is integrated into government emergency response operations,                    2 JD?perishU2 r1D?able data may prove to be logistically difficult  2  D?to obtain 2 D?before i;2 # D?natural environmental processes    h2 J>D?(or bulldozers) obliterate that data. Perhaps more importantly        2 D?,&2 D? poor planning may  /2 iD? interfere and conflict   - 2 JD?with emergency  2  D? responseg2  D? activities.2 4D?  2 <D? - 2 @D?  2 JD? 2 J D?By following    C2 %D?the principles in this guide, expertsa2 D? can e S2 0D?participate in tsunami survey teams and collect      2 JkD?necessary data in an integrated approach that captures the full extent of the event. At the same time, by       42 .JD?coordinating their efforts s2 .D?with e  2 . D?host country  2 .r D?governmentsy 2 .D?, tP2 ..D?eams can gain logistical assistance, a better   2 AJfD?understanding of the cultural issues in the affected country, and provide information that can be used       2 AD? 2 AD?to \2 TJ6D?better mange recovery and reduction of future impacts.     2 TD?  2 gJD? -+2 zJD?2. Structure of this      2 zD?Field  2 zD?Guide   2 z#D? -"2 JD?This Field Guid    V2 2D?e is divided into three broad sections as follows:      2 D?  2 JD? 2 {D?Part I i  2 D?;2  D? introduction to the Field Guide    2 zD? 2 {D?Part II  2 D?#2 D? conducting post   2 D?-22 "D?tsunami field surveys, and    2 D? 2 { D?Part III   2 D?U2 1D? data types, equipment, methods and best practice:     2 D?  2 JD? U2 J1D?Part I provides an introduction to this Field Gui:       b2 :D?de, outlines its rationale, and describes the purpose and    2 JmD?value of conducting field surveys. It outlines the structure of this guide, notes the modifications from the            2 %JYD?First Edition and importantly, recognizes the need for different types of survey team s        )2 %D?tructure to reflect -X2 8J3D?varying research needs. It also provides a summary       -#2 8D?of previous post  2 8D?-2 8 D?tsunami  2 8ED?surveys. 2 8{D? - 2 8D?  2 KJD? X2 ^J3D?Part II deals with the mechanics of conducting post       2 ^D?-\2 ^6D?tsunami field surveys. Part II is divided in to three     L2 qJ+D?subsections that deal with issues to be add      a2 q^9D?ressed before, during and after the survey is conducted.     2 qD?  2 JD? 2 JnD?Part III outlines the types of data that can be collected before, during and after going in to the field, the      2 JWD?types of equipment needed to gather that data, the methods available to researchers and                  2 D? where . D2 J&D?appropriate, recognizes best practice.  2 =D?  2 JD? 2 JjD?Various Annexes are listed at the end of the guide that provide more detail and templates for researchers        ,2 JD?to use as appropriate.    2 D? -??DD>>DD>>CC>>CC>>CC>>CC>>CC==CC==BB==BB==BB==BB==BB<<BB<<AA<<AA<<AA<<AA<<AA՜.+,D՜.+,l( hp  Humboldt State UniversityJ(' *Part I Introduction to this Field Guide Title 8@ _PID_HLINKSAh7 http://www.unisdr.org/  !"$%&'()*,-./012345679:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~Root Entry Fj>Data #1Table+WordDocument0DSummaryInformation(8DocumentSummaryInformation8CompObjq  FMicrosoft Office Word Document MSWordDocWord.Document.89q